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1、写作素能培养,第三部分,第九讲 揣摩图画内涵，从容掌控图画作文,图画类作文是材料作文的一种特殊形式，是一种变“画”为文的作文方式。这种题型提供给考生的是图画，要求考生在看懂图画意思后写作文，主要训练和考查考生的观察力、思考力、创造力和表达能力。 一、试题特征 1素材贴近生活。图画类的书面表达一般都是中学生所熟悉的场景，画面生动形象，具有趣味性，体现高考书面表达“生活化”的特点。有时候还附带有英语或汉语说明，考生易获得直观信息。 2文体形式多样。图画式作文主要有记叙文、说明文和议论文。,二、写作步骤 1确定文章体裁。这类文章一般以记叙文、说明文和议论文为主。 2确定人称。如果以日记、回忆录等形式
2、来写，一般采用第一人称；如果是以讲故事的形式来写，则一般采用第三人称。 3确定时态。根据图画内容及所采用的文章体裁，确定文章所要用的时态。 4合理、适度的联想。这类文章的说明一般都要求考生进行适度的联想和发挥，以便使上下文能更好地连贯起来。 5虚实结合、详略得当。对于图画中的内容，该详细叙述描写的，就必须要详细、具体；可以一笔带过的就一笔带过。比如图画中所有的时间、数字或言论须一词不漏地写清楚，而有些过程或原因则可适当简略。,三、注意事项 1看图记叙文的写作 要注意把握写作素材的时间、地点、人物，以及事件的叙述。可以采取倒叙的方式，也可按事件的发生顺序进行描写。 2看图议论文的写作 首先要认真
3、阅读图画，把握图的意义，有时还要注意其隐含的观点与意图，并联系生活实际进行思考与阐述。,3看图说明文的写作 要注意观察图画材料，找出所有内容，然后按一定的顺序有条理地阐述。说明文的叙述顺序一般有三种：时间顺序、空间顺序和逻辑顺序(比如按图画反映的数字大小进行叙述)。注意文章开头与结尾的呼应。,四、常用句式 1用于描述图画或引入话题的句式 As is described in the picture. 正如图画中所描述 As is shown in the picture，we can see clearly the relationship between. 正如图画所示，我们可以清楚地看到的
4、关系 The sight reminds me of something in my daily life. 这个景象让我想起我日常生活中的某些事。,2用于记叙事件经过或分析现象的句式 At first.then.five minutes later.finally/in the end/at last. 开始时然后五分钟后最后。 Some were doing.，some were doing.and/while others were doing. 一些人在做，一些人在做，而另一些人在做。 .was/were doing.when sb./sth. did. 当某事正在发生时突然又发生另一
5、件事。 More and more people have come to realize the importance of. 越来越多的人已经开始意识到的重要性。,3用于发表议论或总结的句式 If such measures were not taken，the problem of.would be more serious. 如果不采取这样的措施的话，的问题会更加严重。 We can conclude from this picture that. 从这幅图画我们可以推断。 As has been stated above，we must. 如上所述，我们必须。,【典例】 (2016北
6、京卷) 假设你是红星中学高三一班的学生李华。你班同学参加了学校的“地球日”系列活动。请按照以下四幅图的先后顺序，以“Actions for a Greener Earth”为题，给校刊“英语角”写一篇英文稿件，介绍活动的全过程。,注意：词数不少于60。 提示词：地球日Earth Day _ _ 【解析】 话题比较常规，整体难度适中。“地球日”系列活动属于保护环境的体裁内容，考生并不陌生，内容主要包括：公告栏了解活动、分工制作、变废为宝的宣传活动、主题讲座等。题目要求按照四幅图的先后顺序，以“Actions for a Greener Earth”为题，给校刊“英语角”写一篇英文稿件，介绍活动的
7、全过程。词数不少于60词，参考词汇必须使用，使用一般过去时和第一人称进行写作。,【范文】Actions for a Greener Earth A week before Earth Day, posters were put up around our school, calling upon us to join in the actions for a greener earth. Our class came up with the idea to make better use of used materials. We brought to our classroom worn-o
8、ut clothes, pieces of cardboard and empty plastic bottles and turned those into dolls, handbags, tissue boxes and small vases. That weekend, we went to a nearby neighborhood and gave them away to the people there. All were very happy with those unexpected gifts, especially little kids and elderly pe
9、ople. We did so well that we were invited to share our idea and experience with all the students of our school. We are very proud of ourselves and believe we can do more for a better world.,【点评】 范文使用了非谓语动词calling upon us to join in the actions和so. that句型与宾语从句we can do more for a better world等，句式多样；还
10、使用了固定词组call sb to do sth. join in, come up with，make use of, turn.into, give away, be proud of等，使作文内容变得丰富。,注意： 1. 短文开头已给出，不计入总词数； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3. 短文中不能出现与本人相关的信息。 参考词汇：凿，钻：bore In the picture, _ _,we can see a boy in worn clothes, sitting at a shabby wooden table with a pile of books on it. A
11、 weak ray of light came in through a small hole in the wall and he was absorbed in his reading.,_ _,This is a wellknown story from an ancient Chinese idiom. The boy, being poor, couldnt afford even a candle, so he bored a hole in the wall to “steal” light from his neighbors house to read at night. T
12、he moral of the story is: spare no effort to acquire knowledge and never get discouraged easily no matter how difficult the situation may be. Of course, things are totally different today. It is not the story itself but what is reflected in the story that counts. Hard work pays off. We should take p
13、ains to improve ourselves through learning and get prepared for the future.,【解析】 本题为看图写作，主要是古时候的一则成语“凿壁偷光”。注意条理要清晰，逻辑顺序和结构要恰当，同时要尽量保持简洁精干的内容，不拖泥带水。要注意题中所给的信息，不可偏题，应用文写作对于内容的要求是要达到写作目的。尽量保持卷面整洁，字体美观，注意行文的连贯性。,【点评】 文章第一段描述图片，第一句中用到了动词-ing形式的非谓语动词作伴随状语和with的复合结构。In the picture, we can see a boy in worn clothes, sitting at a shabby wooden table with a pile of books on it.图中我们可以看见一个男孩穿着破旧的衣服坐在一个堆满书的桌子旁边。A weak ray of light came in through a small hole in the wall and he was absorbed in his reading.一丝微弱的光亮从墙上的一个小洞穿过，他沉浸在自己的阅读中。,第二段第一句开始说这个图片的主题。This is a well-known story
