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1、专题十三 复合句,山西专用,考点一 宾语从句 1连接词 that在从句中作宾语时可以省略；作主语时不能省略； what，when，where，how，whatever，whenever，wherever，who，whom，whose等特殊疑问词作连接词； 当宾语从句由一般疑问句变化而来时，连接词用whether或if，表示“是否”。如： Could you tell me if/whether it snows in winter in Australia？你能告诉我澳大利亚冬天下雪吗？ Please tell me how you go to school.请告诉我你是怎么去学校的。,2语序
2、 从句一律用陈述语序，即“主语谓语其他” 如： Do you know where Tom lives？你知道汤姆住哪儿吗？,3时态 主句是现在时，从句根据实际情况使用相应时态； 主句是过去时，从句使用过去时的某种形式； 从句表示的是客观事实，真理、自然现象等时，不管主句使用什么时态，从句都用一般现在时。如： I hear Joe left for Beijing yesterday.我听说乔昨天去北京了。 I hear Joe will leave for Beijing next week.我听说乔下周要去北京。 Kate said she was watching TV this tim
3、e yesterday.凯特说昨天这个时间她正在看电视。 Kate said she was going to school soon.凯特说她马上要去学校。 Miss Hu said that the earth goes around the sun.胡老师说地球绕着太阳转。,4复合结构 在think，find，make等接有复合宾语的动词之后，为避免句子头重脚轻，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正作宾语的宾语从句放在宾语补足语之后，即用“及物动词it宾语补足语宾语从句”结构。如： I think it important that we should learn swimming well.我
4、认为我们应该学好游泳，这是很重要的。 He finds it so easy to solve maths problems.他发现解答数学题很容易。,【注意】 否定前移。如果主句的谓语动词是think，guess，believe等动词且接有否定的that宾语从句时，常将否定词提前到主句中。如： I dont think that Alice is an American.我认为爱丽丝不是美国人。 I dont believe that you can come on time.我认为你不会准时到达。 “疑问词不定式”结构中的疑问词，包括疑问代词what，which和疑问副词how，when，
5、where等。这些疑问词和不定式一起构成了不定式短语，这种结构可在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等。如： I really dont know what to write about.我真的不知道写什么。 I asked him how to learn English well.我问他怎样学好英语。 在介词之后，动词不定式之前或在or之前，只用whether，不用if。如： I cant decide whether to buy this bike or not.我不能决定是否买这辆自行车。,1Could you tell me _？ This way，please. Awhere are th
6、e special shoes Bwhere the special shoes are Cwhere will be the special shoes 2The teacher asked the students _ AWhy the earth went around the sun BWhy does the earth go around the sun Cwhy the earth goes around the sun 3Do you know _？ For a month. AHow long will she be away BHow long she will be aw
7、ay CHow long would she be away,B,C,B,4Dont worry.We are thinking about _ Awhat should we do next Bif we should do that Cthat we should do 5Could you please tell me _？ They are over there. Awhat to do Bhow to do Cwhere to do,B,C,6I dont know _ next. Youd better finish your homework first. Awhat to do
8、 Bhow to do Cwhen to do 7Tom asked whether _ after he finished his project. Acan he go to the cinema Bhe can go to the cinema Che could go to the cinema 8Could yo tell me _？ Im not sure.Maybe next week. Awhen he came here Bwhen he will come Chow long he will live here,A,C,B,考点二 定语从句 定语从句的关系词,1下列情况先行
9、词指物时，只能用that，不能用which： 当先行词是all，little，much，none，everything，anything，nothing等不定代词时，如： Tom told his mother all that had happened.汤姆把事情的全部情况告诉了他的妈妈。 当先行词前面有the only，the very，the last等修饰时，如： This is the only book that I can find.这就是我能找到的唯一一本书。 当序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时，如： This is the best book that I have ever
10、 read.这是我读过的最好的一本书。,当先行词前面有only，all，any，no等修饰时，如： I want to read all the books that were written by Lu Xun.我想把鲁迅的著作全部读完。 当先行词前面既有人又有物时，如： I still remember the college and the teachers that I visited in London many years ago.我仍然记得许多前在伦敦参观过的大学和拜访过的老师。,2关系代词的省略 一般情况下，关系代词作宾语时可以省略，但关系代词which，whom在从句中作介词
11、的宾语并且介词位于关系代词前时，不能省略。如： Ill never forget the day on which I joined the club.我永远不会忘记加入俱乐部的那一天。 that，which，who在从句中作主语时，不能省略。如： Who is the boy that is talking with our teacher？正在和我们老师谈话的那个男孩是谁？,3关系副词的用法 when表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。如： I still remember the year when you graduated from No.8 Middle School.我依然记得你从
12、八中毕业的那一年。 why表示原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，其先行词常是reason。如： We dont know the reason why he was late for school.我们不知道他为什么上学迟到。 where表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。如： That is the school where I studied three years ago.那是我三年前就读的学校。,【方法突破】 初中阶段对定语从句的考查主要是先行词的运用。首先可以把先行词还原到从句中。其次是在选择关系词时，先确定先行词是指人还是指物，再看先行词在从句中作何种成分，从而做出正确的判断。如： I
13、had an experience with a young man people were always making fun of. 【答案】who/whom 【解析】本句是定语从句，缺少引导词，man是先行词且在从句中作宾语，故用who或whom来引导，故填who/whom。,1Ill remember the old buildings _I visited in the village. Awhere Bwhich Cwho 2A friend is someone _says，“what! You too? I thought I was the only one！” Awho B
14、which Cwhat 3Ma Yun is now a boss of a famous company，for _life was once very hard. Awhose Bwhich Cwhom 4This is the book _ tells many English stories. Awhat Bwhich Cwho 5What are you looking for? Im looking for the watch _ I bought yesterday. Awhich Bwho Cwhose,B,A,C,B,A,6Do you know the little boy
15、 _is helping the old man cross the road? No.But how nice he is! Awhich Bwho Cwhom 7Doraemon is a lovely robot cat _plays an important role in the 3D film Stand By Me Doramon. Awho Bwhose Cwhom 8The Gay Genius is the book _I like to read every day. Athat Bwho Cwhat,B,A,A,考点三 状语从句(其具体的用法详见专题六连词) 1引导词,2.主句与从句的时态问题 若主句是祈使句，或主句中有情态动词时，那么从句用一般现在时表示将来。如： Be careful when you cross the road.当你过马路时要小心。 “主将从现”原则，即主句用一般将来时，则从句用一般现在时。常见的使用“主将从现”原则的连词有：表示时间的when，while，after，before，until，till，whenever，as soon as，once等；表示条件的if，unless，so/as long as，in case等。如： He will write to me as soon as he gets to Am
