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1、词性详解-动词,英语语法词性详解二动词,二、动词的分类,(1),(3),(2),一、动词的定义,三、动词的时态,四、非谓语动词,五、被动语态,1.一般现在时,2.一般过去时,3.一般将来时,4.现在进行时,5.过去进行时,6.现在完成时,7.过去完成时,8.过去将来时,六、动词的基本形式,一、按词义和句中的作用，动词可以分为四类,返回,二、短语动词,：由一些动词和其它词构成短语，表达一个完整的意思。其构成方式如下,返回,三、按动词的形式可以分为谓语动词和非谓语动词,1、谓语动词(如下),2、非谓语动词,返回,2、非谓语动词,1.一般现在时,（1）表示经常发生或习惯性的动作或状态,（2）表示主语
2、现在的性格、特征、能力,（3）表示客观事实或普遍用法,（4）用于状语从句代替一般将来时,eg.We often write to each other. 我们时常相互通信。,常与always，usually，often，sometimes，every day，once a week，yearly每年，monthly每月， 等时间状语或频率副词连用。,eg.He works hard.他努力工作,eg.The sun rises in the east. Light goes faster than sound,eg.You will succeed if you try .,I will te
3、ll him about it as soon as I see him next Monday.,常与连词：when , as soon as , before , after , until , if 如果，等引导的时间状语或条件状语从句,练习,返回,2.一般过去时,(1).表示过去某一时间点发生的动作或所处的状态. e.g. He arrived in Hangzhou an hour ago. Where were you just now?,(2).表示过去某一时间里反复出现的动作或状态. e.g. Their children often went hungry in the ol
4、d days. During his middle school years, he played football nearly every day.,(3).表示主语过去的特征或性格等. e.g. At that time she spoke very good English.,(4).一般过去时往往和明确的过去时间状语连用.如:yesterday, last night, two days (months, weeks) ago, in 1996, at that time 等,也常和when, if等引导的状语从句连用. e.g. Did you play volleyball ye
5、sterday afternoon? My father, when he was a child, worked 15 hours for the landlord a day.,(5).一般过去时可与today, this week, this month等时间状语连用. e.g. I saw him today. He came late three times this week.,练习,返回,一般过去时的练习,1. I saw him this morning.（改为否定句、疑问句并做回答）,2. He came late three times this week.（同上）,3.
6、Jim came late three times this week.(分别对a,b,c,d提问) a b c d,4. AI_(be) 12 last year. B_(be)the doctor in the hospital last night? No, he_(be not). C. What _he_(do) yesterday? He_(draw)some pictures in the park.,5.A. _ _a sweater on the desk just now. B. There are some children in the aquarium now. (用
7、 yesterday替换 now) _ _some children in the aquarium yesterday. C. There were some buildings here in the past. (改为一般疑问句) _ _ _ buildings here in the past?,返回,3.一般将来时,a.will / shall +动词原形(备：在口语中，shall和will常缩写成“ll“，紧接在主语之后。其否定式shall not和will not的简略式分别为shant和wont),(1)构成,b. be going to + 动词原形,c. be + 动词-i
8、ng形式（动词-ing形式通常是表示位置转移的动词，如arrive, come, go, leave, move, start, stay, get等）,d.be + 动词不定式 （例：You are to be back before 10:00 p.m 你必须在上午10点前回来。表示按计划或正式安排将发生的事 ）,(2)用法,表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。,表示将要反复发生的动作,(3)常用结构,用于“祈使句 + and + 陈术句“中。Eg.Work hard and you will succeed.,与表示时间或条件的状语从句连用。If you ask him, he will h
9、elp you., 用于“I expect, Im sure, I think, I wonder + 宾语从句“中。 I dont think the test will be very difficult.,返回,练习,4.现在进行时,(1)意义：a.表示说话的此刻正在进行的动作。 常与now, the moment等连用。,(2)构成：主语+be+现在分词(v.+ing),练习,返回,例:Listen! Mary is singing an English song in the classroom.,b.表示现在时间段中正在进行的动作。,例:They are planting tree
10、s on the hill these days.,c.表示一种重复的动作，带有“厌恶”、“赞叹”等感情色彩。,例:My brother is always leaving things about.,注:现在进行时往往与always连用，给现在的动作披上一层感情色彩。,现在进行时的练习,1. What are you _(do) now? I _(eat) bread.,2. Its nine oclock. My father_(work) in the office.,3. Look, the boy_(put) the rubbish into the bin.,4. _he_(cle
11、an) the classroom? No, he isnt. He_(play).,5.Where is Mak? He_(run) on the grass.,6. Listen, who_(sing) in the music room? Oh, Mary_(sing) there.,7.The birds are singing in the tree.(就划线部分提问).,8.The children are playing games near the house.(就划线部分提问),9.The Young Pioneers are helping the old woman.(改
12、成一般疑问句),返回,5.过去进行时,(1)意义：,（2）构成：主语+was/were+现在分词,1表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。如： What were you doing when I phoned you last night?,2表示过去某段时间正在进行的动作。 如：They were building a dam last winter. 去年冬天他们在建一个大坝。,3用于come, go, leave, start, arrive等表示位置转移的动词，以表示过去将要发生的动作。如： They wanted to know when we were leaving for Shan
13、ghai.,返回,练习,6.现在完成时,（1）意义：现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,也可表示过去已经开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态。,（2）结构：助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词,（3）四大标志词： * 以already, just和yet为标志：表示到现在为止动作或状态已经、刚刚或还没有发生 * 以ever和never为标志：表示到现在为止动作或状态曾经或从来没有发生过 * 以动作发生的次数为标志：He says he has been to the USA three times. * 以so far为标志：表示到目前为止动作或状态已经发生,（4）
14、注：a.*“终止”、“延续”要转换常见的有:come-be, go out -be out, leave-be away (from), begin-be on, buy-have, borrow-keep , join-be a member / 介词短语, die-be dead, become-be, open(v.)-be open(adj.) 等。 b. * 时间“点”、“段”须分清 for+时间段 since+过去某一时刻,返回,练习,现在完成时的练习,A)选用have, has填空: 1.I _ told him the news. 2.She _ come back from
15、school. 3.You _ won the game.,B)按要求改写下列各句: 4.They have bought a computer.(改成否定句) 5.He has lost his book. (先改成一般疑问句,再作肯定与否定回答),C) 单项选择6. -Where have you _, Kate?-Ive _ to the bank. A. gone, gone B. been, been C. gone, been D. been, gone 7. Her grandfather _ for two years. A. died B. has died C. has been dead D. has been died 8. Its six weeks _ I met you last. A. when B. since C. before D. for 9. Tom and Jack _ West Hill Farm already. A. have got B. have gone to C. h
