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1、,专题九 动词的语态,20112015年河南中考考情一览表,考情解读：从河南省近五年中考真题统计结果可知，动词的语态所占分数为12分，所涉及到的考点有三个：一般现在时的被动语态、一般过去时的被动语态和一般将来时的被动语态。这三个考点主要在单项选择中进行考查，有时也在词语运用中考查。一般现在时的被动语态和一般过去时的被动语态在 20112014 年间交替考查，一般将来时的被动语态在 2015 年考查。因此，考生在平时备考过程中，要熟练掌握这三种时态下的被动语态。,英语中有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。考纲对动词语态的要求：被动语态，其中包括：一般现在时的被动语态、一般过去时的被动语态和一般将来
2、时的被动语态。,被动语态的构成：be+及物动词的过去分词（其中 be 动词有人称、数和时态的变化）。,一、被动语态的构成,常见时态的主动语态和被动语态的结构见下表：,续表,二、被动语态的基本用法,1. 强调动作的承受者。 He was greatly respected by all of us. 他很受我们的尊敬。 2. 不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。 All the work has been finished by now. 到现在为止，所有的工作都做完了。,3. 动作的执行者不是人，而是无生命的事物。 The leaves are blown away by w
3、ind. 叶子被风吹走了。 4. 出于礼貌不便提到动作的执行者，动作的执行者可能是自 己，也可能是别人。 I have been told many times not to make noises. 有人多次告诉我不要吵闹。,5. 有时为使句子结构简练、紧凑，使上下文连贯。 There used to be lots of coal mines in the south，but many of them have been closed，or about to be closed. 南方过去 有许多煤矿，但其中有不少现在已经关闭，或将要关闭。 6. 有些习惯用法只以被动语态形式出现。 Whe
4、n and where were you born？ 你出生在何时何地？,三、主动语态和被动语态的转化,1. 一般情况下将主动句中的宾语成分变为被动句中的主语成分， 注意人称代词主格与宾格的转换，必要时用by来引导。 He finished the work. The work was finished by him.,2. 主动句中感官动词（see，hear，watch，feel 等）和使役动词 （make，let，have 等）后跟省略 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语， 变被动语态时要加上to。 We saw him play football on the playground. He
5、was seen to play football on the playground. 3. 主动句中含有动词短语，变为被动语态时要注意其完整性。 He turned off the light just now. The light was turned off by him just now.,一、把下列句子改为被动语态 1. Toms mother made him clean his room. _ 2. He told me that he would come back soon. _ 3. Jack can find a lot of differences between t
6、he two languages. _ 4. Do you water your flowers every day？ _ 5. The wind blew down the big tree last night. _,Tom was made to clean his room by his mother.,I was told that he would come back soon.,A lot of differences between the two languages can be found by Jack.,Are your flowers watered every da
7、y？,The big tree was blown down by the wind last night.,（ ）1. Look at our new school. It _ last year. A. built B. was built C. is built D. will be built （ ）2. I am afraid that I cant finish the task successfully. Dont worry. You _ plenty of time to do it. A. will be given B. give C. will give D. are
8、given,B,A,二、单项选择,（ ）3. Many students _ chances to show themselves in class because the class size is too big. A. dont give B. arent given C. havent given D. wont give （ ）4. The workers _ work day and night. A. are made B. are made to C. made to D. are making to,B,B,典例一 一般现在时的被动语态,（2013河南，28）Excuse m
9、e. Im looking for Be the Best of Yourself. Sorry. The book you ask for _ out. A. is selling B. is sold C. was selling D. will be sold,【解析】 句意为：打扰一下。我在找做最好的自己（这本书）。对不起。你想要的那本书已经卖完了。由于主语 book 是动作 sell 的承受者，所以此处应用被动语态；由答语中“Sorry”可知，书已经卖完了，表示现在的状态。,【答案】 B,解析,答案,典例二 一般过去时的被动语态,（2014河南，31）When Tim _ why h
10、e was late for school，he just kept silent. A. was asked B. asked C. was asking D. is asked,【解析】 句意为：当 Tim 被问到他为什么上学迟到时，他只是保持沉默。主语 Tim 是动作 ask 的承受者，故应用被动语态；由“was”可知，句子时态为一般过去时。,【答案】 A,解析,答案,典例三 一般将来时的被动语态,（2015陕西，28）Tourists bad behavior _ by the government in our country from now on. A. will record B. will be recorded C. records D. is recorded,【解析】 句意为：从现在起在我们国家，旅游者的不良行为将会被政府记录下来。主语 Touristsbad behavior 是动作 record 的承受者，故应用被动语态；由“from now on”和句意可知，句子时态为一般将来时。,【答案】 B,解析,答案,本专题已结束，请同学们及时复习和掌握所学知识！,
