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1、sectionA grammar,八下英语Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island yet?,现在完成时态 present perfect,Grammar Focus,现在完成时： 表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去开始一直延续到现在的动作或保存的状态。,结构： 主语+ have / has + 动词的过去分词,一般疑问句： have / has ? Yes, I have. No, I havent. Yes, she has. No, she hasnt.,1. 现在完成时动词构成 have /has + v 过去分词,助动词,
2、否定,havent hasnt,疑问,Have you? Has he?,常与下列时间状语连用：just , already, yet, ever, never, before, several times,现在完成时,1.过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。和already，never,ever,just,before,yet等状语连用。,2.过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态， 常与for或since引起的一段时间状语连用。,动词构成：have/has+v过去分词,have breakfast,I have just had my breakfast.,(现在我不饿),Im not h
3、ungry now,moved here in 2004,I still live here,I have lived here for three years.,I have lived here since 2004/three years ago.,now,past,2. 现在完成时动词可以表示开始于过去持续 到现在(也许还会继续进行下去)的动作或状态。 1) I have studied English since last year. 我从去年开始学习英语。 2) She has lived in Beijing for five years. 她住在北京已经五年了。 注意: com
4、e, go , leave, arrive, buy, lose, receive, join, die, bury 和marry 等动词所表示的动作是 一时的, 不能延续的, 故不能与for , since 等开头的表示一段时间的状语连用。不过, 这些 词用于否定句则可以与表示持续的时间状语连用， 即动作的不发生是可以持续的。,不能说: *He has come to Beijing for two years. *He has bought that book for three weeks. *He has joined the Army for one and a half years
5、. *His grandma has died for nine months. * I have received his letter for a month. 可以说: He has been in Beijing for two years. He has had that book for three weeks. He has been in the army for one and a half years. His grandma has been dead for nine months. I havent received his letter for almost a m
6、onth.,或者说： It is two years since he came to Beijing. It is three weeks since he bought that book. It is one and a half years since he joined the Army. It is nine months since his grandma died.,3. 现在完成时把过去的动作和现在的结果联系起来， 一般过去时只限于表示过去的动作本身, 与现在 的结果无关。现在完成时与一般过去时在意义上 的区别举例如下： I have cleaned my room. (My
7、 room is clean now.) 我已经打扫过我的房间了。 I cleaned my room last week. (I did it in the past.) 我上周打扫了我的房间。 Father has gone to Amoy. (He went to Amoy and he is not here now.) 爸爸已经去厦门了。 They have bought a dictionary. (They bought a dictionary and they have it now.) 他们买了一本字典。,注意: 现在完成时不能和明确指出时间的状语 (如: yesterda
8、y, last, year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when she came in 等)连用， 但可以和不明确指出时间的状语(如: already, yet, ever, never, sometimes, always, often, before, once, twice, recently, lately等)连用； 也可以和表示包括现在在内的时间状语(如： today, this morning, this week, this year等)连用。,( 1).for+表示一段时间的短语 ( 2).since+表示过去时间点的词语 ( 3).s
9、ince+表示过去时间的时间状语从句,eg.I have been a teacher _ a year. He has been at this school _ 1992. We have learned 1,000 English words _ we came to this school.,for,since,since,现在完成时句中常见的时间状语 A.表示从过去一直持续到现在, 不能是具体 的过去时间。,ever,just,already,yet,e.g. Have you _been to Japan? I have _ finished my homework. I have
10、 finished my homework _. I havent finished my homework _.,B. just, already, yet, before/ ever, never有此 类副词时,常强调动作完成,不强调动作的持续.,already “已经” ; yet “仍然, 还” 这两个副词常常用于完成时态, 其中already 常用于肯定句, yet常用于否定句和疑问句中。 如: Jim has already finished his work. Jim已经把他的工作做完了。 Mother hasnt come home yet. 妈妈还没回来。 Havent yo
11、u read The Call of the Wild yet? 你还没读过野性的呼唤吗？,She has already finished her work. 她已经把工作做完了。 I havent read the story yet. 我还没读过这个故事。 Have you met him before? 你从前曾见过他吗？ Lily has always been a good student. Lily一直是个好学生。 比较： I have seen him this morning . 我上午看见他了。(说话时在上午) I saw him this morning. 今天上午我遇见
12、了他。(说话时可能是下午或者晚上) It has been cold this winter. 今天冬天一直很冷。(说话时仍是冬天),4. 现在完成进行时和现在完成时都可以表示 “从过去开始一直持续到现在”这一概念, 有时 两者可以互相代用, 但前者多用于口语。 在含义上如着重表示动作的结果时, 多用现在 完成时; 如着重表示动作一直在进行, 即动作 的延续性时, 则多用现在完成进行时。 一般不能用于进行时的动词也不能用于 现在完成时行时。,现在完成时：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去开始一直延续到现在的动作或保存的状态，强调的是现在的情况，不能和表示过去的时间
13、状语连用（如：in 1990，last Sunday 等）。,一般过去时：一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生关系（即动作或状态在现在已经结束），它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。,现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：,have / has + V过去分词,I have waited for him for many times. 我等他等了好几次了。 I have been waiting for him for an hour. 我等他等了一小时。 He has drunk six cups of coffee. 他喝了六杯咖啡。 He has been drinking coffee.
14、 他一直在喝咖啡。,改写句子,1.My father came back from the bookshop just now. My father _ just _ _ the book shop. 2.He began to learn Chinese in 2001. He _ _ Chinese since 2001. 3.The film began two minutes ago. The film _ _ _ since two minutes ago. 4.He has had the motorbike for two years. Its two years _he _ t
15、he motorbike. He _ the motorbike two years _. Two years _ _ since he _ the motor bike.,has,returned,from,has,learned,has been on,since,bought,bought,ago,has passed,bought,1. A: Would you like something to drink? B: No, thanks. _ (just/drink some tea) 2. A: I heard you lost your key. _? (find) B: No, not yet. 3. A: Do you know when Tom is leaving? B:_ . (already/leave),4a. Use the words in brackets to complete the conversations.,Ive just drunk some tea,Have you found it,He has already left,A: When _ ? (leave) B: This morning. 4. A: Is your siste
