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1、专题十三 特殊句式,-2-,考点一,考点二,一,二,三,四,五,六,一、倒装 1.表示时间、地点、方位和动作转移的副词,如:there,here,now,then,up,down,out,in,away位于句首,句子谓语是go,come,run等不及物动词,可将谓语全部置于主语之前。但主语是人称代词时,不倒装。 There remains the possibility that mistakes have been made. 仍然有已经出错的可能。 (2016天津)Then came the final awards ceremony at the end of the year. 然后年
2、底最后的颁奖仪式随之而来。,-3-,考点一,考点二,一,二,三,四,五,六,2.当句首状语为表示地点的介词短语时,也常常用全部倒装。 (2016全国乙)In this box are some stem cells that are urgently needed for a patient. 盒子里装的是病人急需的干细胞。 3.such做表语置于句首时,也常常用全部倒装。 Such was Einstein,a simple man but a great scientist. 这就是爱因斯坦,一位朴实而又伟大的科学家。,-4-,考点一,考点二,一,二,三,四,五,六,4.表语置于句首时,倒
3、装结构为“表语+连系动词+主语”。 (1)形容词+连系动词+主语 Present at the meeting were some experts. 到会的是一些专家。 (2)过去分词+连系动词+主语 Gone are the days when we walked to work. 我们步行上班的时代一去不复返了。 (3)介词短语+连系动词+主语 Among the goods are flowers,candles and toys. 货物中有花、蜡烛和玩具。,-5-,考点一,考点二,一,二,三,四,五,六,1.句子以never,seldom,rarely,little,hardly,sc
4、arcely等表示否定意义的副词以及by no means,not until,not only,not a word,not a single,on no condition,in no case等表示否定意义的词组开头,要用部分倒装语序。 Never will he come back to the factory. 他永远也不会回到这家工厂了。 (2014大纲全国)Not only do the nurses want a pay increase,they want reduced hours as well. 护士们不仅想要增加报酬,她们也想要减少工作时间。 2.当句子用so,nor
5、,neither开头,说明前面一句话中的情况也适用于另外一些人或物时,主语和谓语部分倒装。 Tom likes English,and so do I. 汤姆喜欢英语,我也喜欢英语。,-6-,考点一,考点二,一,二,三,四,五,六,3.在so/such.that引导的结果状语从句中,为了强调,把so/such提到句首时,主谓要倒装。 So moved was she that she could not say a word. 她感动得一句话都说不出来。 So fast does he run that he is far ahead of others. 他跑得那么快以至于远远超过了其他人。
6、 4.as/though引导让步状语从句时句子要用倒装语序,即要将从句中的表语、状语或从句中的动词提到as/though的前面。在as/though引导的让步状语从句中,做表语的单数可数名词前不用加任何冠词。 Child as he is,he knows a lot. 尽管他是个孩子,但他懂得很多。,-7-,考点一,考点二,一,二,三,四,五,六,5.在省略if的虚拟条件句中,were,had或should要提到句首构成倒装。 Had you come a few minutes earlier,you would have seen him. 如果你早来几分钟,你就能看见他了。 6.当on
7、ly所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时,采用部分倒装形式。要注意“only+主语”用在句首时不倒装。 (2016全国甲)Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms Garza finally say yes. 直到经过一年的友好协商后,Garza夫人才最终同意了。 Only you can help me.只有你能帮助我。,-8-,考点一,考点二,一,二,三,四,五,六,7.用于某些表示祝愿的句子。 May you succeed!祝你成功! 8.neither.nor.连接两个并列分句时,这两个分句都要用倒装形式。 Neither
8、do I know it,nor do I care about it. 我既不知道这件事,也不关心这件事。,-9-,一,二,三,四,五,六,考点一,考点二,二、省略 1.单独使用不定式符号to代替不定式后被省略的动词,常用在be afraid,expect,forget,hope,intend,like,love,mean,prefer,refuse,try,want,wish等词后;或放在表情绪的词后,代替被省略的动词,常见词有glad,happy,pleased等;但是,如果不定式中含有be,have,have been,则不应省略。 (2013课标全国)The driver wante
9、d to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police not to. 那个司机想在路边停车,但是警察不让(他停在那儿)。,-10-,一,二,三,四,五,六,考点一,考点二,He is not a lawyer now,but he used to be. 他现在已不是律师了,但他曾经是。 Your work hasnt been handed in,but it ought to have been. 你的作业还没交,但早该上交了。,-11-,一,二,三,四,五,六,考点一,考点二,2.感官动词或使役动词(feel,no
10、tice,see,hear,let,make,have等)后接不定式做宾语补足语时常省略to。 I heard my father sing in the kitchen. 我听见爸爸在厨房里唱歌。 3.在由and或or连接的并列不定式结构中常省略后面的to。 I want to finish my homework and go home. 我想完成作业然后回家。 4.在do nothing but,cant help but,why not,would rather.than.,had better等句型中省略to。 The little boy could do nothing but
11、cry. 小男孩只能哭,别无他法。,-12-,一,二,三,四,五,六,考点一,考点二,1.在由when,while,if,as if,although/though,as,until,once,whether,when,where等引导的状语从句中,当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致且从句谓语含有be时,可省略状语从句的主语和be。 (2016四川改编)As shown here,Lainey can become excited about reading when presented with literature on topics that interest her. 当别人赠予Lain
12、ey令她感兴趣的文学作品时,她会因阅读而兴奋起来。,-13-,一,二,三,四,五,六,考点一,考点二,2.当从句的主语是it,谓语动词是be动词时,可以把it和be一起省略。此时构成“连词+形容词”的结构。 Though (it was) cold,he still wore a shirt. 尽管天冷,但他仍然穿着一件衬衣。 (201610浙江)If successful,the electric bicycle meal programme will be spread to all Crowne Plaza hotels in the UK. 如果成功了,骑单车发电计划将普及到英国所有的
13、皇冠假日酒店。 3.在if so/not省略句式中,用so/not代替上文的内容。 Get up early tomorrow.If not(=If you dont get up early tomorrow),you will miss the early bus. 明天早点起床,不然的话,你就会错过早班车。,-14-,一,二,三,四,五,六,考点一,考点二,考点三,三、强调 强调句的基本构成为:It is/was+被强调部分+who/that+其他成分。被强调部分指人时,可用who或that;被强调部分指物时,用that。如: (2016北京)“Its the ocean that ma
14、kes Rockaway so special.”she says. 她说:“正是大海使得Rockaway如此特别。” It was his best suit that John wore to the dance last night. 约翰昨晚穿着他最好的一套衣服去参加舞会的。,-15-,一,二,三,四,五,六,考点一,考点二,考点三,强调句的一般疑问句形式为 “Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分”;特殊疑问句形式为“特殊疑问词+is/was it+that/who+其他成分”。 Was it in high school that you began playi
15、ng basketball? 你是不是在高中的时候开始打篮球的? Where was it that you put your mobile phone after coming back?你回来之后把手机放在什么地方了?,-16-,一,二,三,四,五,六,考点一,考点二,考点三,not.until.结构中的状语成分在强调句型中被强调时,not与until要放在一起。 (2015重庆)Bach died in 1750,but it was not until the early 19th century that his musical gift was fully recognized.
16、巴赫于1750年去世,但直到19世纪早期他的音乐才华才受到普遍认可。 It was not until he removed his sunglasses that I recognized him. 直到他把太阳镜摘下来我才将其认了出来。,-17-,一,二,三,四,五,六,考点一,考点二,四、反意疑问句 1.当陈述部分带有宾语从句时,反意疑问部分的主语与谓语常和主句保持一致。 He said that they would come to my birthday party,didnt he? 他说他们要来参加我的生日聚会,是吗? 2.当陈述部分主句的谓语动词是think,believe,suppose,guess,expect,imagine,且主句主语为第一人称时,反意疑问部分的主语和谓语与宾语从句的主语和谓语保持一致;当陈述部分主句的主语为第二、三人称时,后面的疑问部分的主语和谓语与主句的主语和谓语保持一致。 They dont believe he will succeed,do they? 他们不相信他会成功,是吗?,-18-,一,二,三,四
