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1、专题十四,简单句,简单句,1,五大基本句型结构,简单句的基本句型作为甘肃近3年中考的特殊考点，一般会在语法与情景对话最后一道题出现，旨在让考生学会辨认句型。2017年省卷第45题和2017年兰州卷第40题都是考查句型，做这类题目时，考生不仅要知道如何判断句型，也要熟记各个成分的单词，如“S+V”、“S+V+O”、“S+V+IO+DO”，“S+V+O+OC”。,1. 主语,主语是整个句子陈述的对象, 一般位于句首。名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、从句等均可作主语。如： Mr.Yang is our English teacher.(名词) I like playing basketball v
2、ery much.（代词） Three is my lucky number.（数词） To swim in the lake is very dangerous.（不定式） It is necessary to master a foreign language.（It作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的动词不定式） Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词） When well have an English competition hasnt been decided.（主语从句）,2. 谓语 谓语一般位于主语之后, 表示主语的行为或状态。谓语分为简单谓语和复合
3、谓语, 主要通过时态、语态及主谓一致进行考查。,3. 宾语 宾语是谓语的对象或承受者, 因此一般置于及物动词和介词之后。名词、代词、不定式、动名词、从句等可作宾语。 Lucy likes strawberries very much. （名词） I will never forget him.（代词） I want to buy some apples.（不定式） Eric enjoys reading story books very much.（动名词） Could you please tell me where the restroom is?（从句）,4. 表语 表语用来说明主语的身
4、份、特征或状态, 常位于系动词之后。可以用作表语的词有：名词、代词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动名词、从句等。如： Miss Liu is a doctor. （名词） The dog looks smart. （形容词） I must be off now. （副词） The patient is out of danger.（介词短语）,5. 宾语补足语 宾补是宾语的补充和延续, 一般位于宾语之后, 与宾语一起构成复合宾语。需接复合宾语的动词有：make, let, have, watch, see, find, tell, help, teach, order, hear, lis
5、ten, consider等。宾补一般由名词、形容词、不定式短语、分词等充当。如： We elected him monitor.(名词) I found it difficult to learn English well.(形容词) The doctor told me to do more exercise.(不定式短语) He is going to have his hair cut.（过去分词） They saw a bird flying in the sky.(现在分词),2,疑问句,疑问句的考查面广，各个题型都有涉及，考生需要掌握几种疑问句，并灵活运用。常考的疑问句：一般疑问
6、句和特殊疑问句；也会偶尔涉及对选择疑问句和反意疑问句的考查。考生不仅要学会分辨，更要灵活运用。,一般疑问句,特殊疑问句,用特殊疑问词引导的疑问句叫特殊疑问句。回答时不能使用yes或no。特殊疑问词包括疑问代词、疑问副词和疑问词组。,选择疑问句,选择疑问句不用yes或no回答, 可用完整的陈述句或其简略形式作答, 也可用不定代词all, either, neither或none作答, 只要根据实际情况回答便可。 如： Would you like some juice or tea? 你想要些果汁还是茶？ Neither. 都不要。 Which do you want to drink， tea
7、 or coffee？ 你想喝什么，茶还是咖啡？ I prefer coffee. 我更喜欢喝咖啡。,中考常考的how词组辨析,反意疑问句,考点小练,1. have you lived in Xian? Since my parents found jobs here. A. How long B. How far C. How soon D. How old,A,2.We have to finish the work now, ? A. dont we B. havent we C. have we D. do we,3. is my schoolbag, Mom? It is on yo
8、ur bed. A. Where B. When C. What D. Whose,4.You didnt know I wanted to see you. It has been a year since I saw you last time. A. how often B. how long C. how much D. how far,B,A,C,5.一班和三班的比赛将在什么时候举行？ the match between Class 1 and Class 3 be held?,6.他因为太累了几乎不能保持清醒，他能吗？ He can hardly stay awake becaus
9、e he is so tired, ?,7.你钢琴弹得真好。你多久上一次钢琴课？ You play the piano so well. do you take piano lessons?,8.你们学校附近有一个漂亮的公园, 没有吗？ There is a beautiful park near your school, ?,When will,can be,how often,isnt there,3,感叹句,甘肃近3年中考对感叹句的考查主要有以下考点： 1.what和how的判断； 2.冠词的考查； 3.句型转换。因此考生不仅需掌握感叹句，而且要灵活运用感叹句。,what和how引导的感
10、叹句结构,巧记感叹句 感叹句，表情感，how与what放句前。 名词词组跟what，how与形副紧相连。 为使句子更简洁，主谓部分可省略。,考点小练,10.The Jungle Book is an amazing movie. (改为感叹句) amazing movie The Jungle Book is!,what,an,11.Look! happily the baby is playing over there! A. How B. What C. What a D. How a,A,4,祈使句,甘肃近3年中考对祈使句的考查，主要侧重于动词，有时会和连词一起考查。,12. inter
11、esting TV program Running Man is! I watch it every week. A. How B. What C. What a D. What an,13. interesting the book is! I want to buy one, too. A. How B. What C. How an D. What an,14. great fun we had in the Central Park last Sunday! A. How B. What C. What a D. How a,D,A,B,祈使句的回答用一般将来时。如： Please r
12、emember to bring my notebook to school. 请记得把我的笔记本带到学校来。 OK, I will. 好的，我会的。 “祈使句+and/or+结果状语”结构。如： Work harder, and youll get good grades. 再努力一些，你将会取得好成绩。,考点小练,15. (wake) up your father, please. Its time for work!,16. (be) kind and helpful to the people around us for life is not long.,Wake,Be,巧记祈使句的
13、口诀 祈使句，无主语，动词原形来开始； Do,Be,Let三种形式，委婉请求“请”字用； 否定句式很简单，“Dont”打头最常见。,17.Boys and girls, in bed. Its bad for your eyes. A. dont read B. to read C. read D. not read,18. harder, and youll make your dream come true one day. A. Studying B. To study C. Study D. Studied,19.Sorry for being late again. here on
14、time next time, or youll be punished. A. Be B. Being C. To be D. Been,A,C,A,5,There be句型,甘肃近3年中考对There be句型的考查，主要侧重于时态和be动词的单复数。还有some, any的用法，以及一般疑问句的转换等。 1.“There+be+sb. /sth.+地点”表示“某处有某人或某物”。be动词必须和主语保持人称和数的一致。如果主语部分是两个以上的主语时，be动词一般和邻近主语的数和人称保持一致。,2.“There+be+sb. /sth.+地点”的否定形式是在be动词后面加not, not any, no。 3.若变为一般疑问句则需要把be提前到句首。注意： There be结构有不同的时态，而且可以和各种助动词或情态动词连用。如：There was a sports meeting yesterday. 昨天举行了一场运动会。 There have been a lot of accidents around here. 这里已经发生了许多起事故。 There must be a mistake somewhere. 肯定有某个地方出错了。,考点小练,20.There
