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1、专题十三 构词法(词类转换),怎么考 词语的派生是语法填空题的必考点之一，考查考生在理解上下语境的基础上，由所给词派生出其他词来。通常涉及形容词与副词之间的转换；动词(或名词)加后缀变成形容词的转换；动词加后缀变成名词的转换；形容词加后缀变成名词的转换；动词加后缀变成“人”的名词转换；加否定或相反意义的前缀和后缀的转换等。,怎么学 在平时的学习中，注意积累常用后缀及前缀的用法，同时积累常用词的转化。 怎么解 首先要分析句子结构，看空格处要填的词在句子中充当什么成分；然后回顾思考充当这一成分需要哪类词，再看括号中所给词是什么词类，应如何将其转换成所需词类。,.体验考向 单句语法填空 1.(201
2、5全国卷)Abercrombie & Kent，a travel company in Hong Kong，says it _ (regular)arranges quick getaways here for people living in Shanghai and Hong Kong. 2.(2015全国卷)In addition to their simple beauty，what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their _(able) to “air condition” a house without using electric
3、 equipment.,3.(2014全国卷)There were many people waiting at the bus stop，and some of them looked very anxious and _ (disappoint). 4.(2014广东卷)She was _ (surprise) helpful. 5.(2014全国卷)Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done，and the crowd of strangers _ (sudden) became friendly to on
4、e another.,答案 1.regularly 定期为人们安排到这儿的旅行。此处应该使用副词regularly作状语修饰动词arrange。 2.ability 考查词性。空前面是形容词性物主代词their，其后面需要用名词。 3.disappointed disappointed和前面的anxious并列，形容等车人的心情。 4.surprisingly 考查副词。修饰形容词helpful，用副词。 5.suddenly 此处需要副词修饰动词became。,.考点集训 集训 用所给词的适当形式填空 1.(2014福建卷)I was about to give up when my fat
5、her came and _ (encouragement) me to keep going. 2.(2013广东卷)“That would be a very _ (reason) thing to do in a big city，but it could destroy a small village like ours，”Nick said. 3.(2013广东卷)But such a small thing couldnt _ (possible) destroy a village.,4.(2013福建卷)Parents _ (arrangement) everything fo
6、r their children and spare no effort to pave the way for their success. 5.(2012广东卷)Mary felt _(please)，because there were many empty seats in the room. 6.I havent seen Sara since she was a little girl，and she has changed beyond _ (recognize).,7.The boss showed his _ (appreciate) of Toms hard work in
7、 the company by raising his pay to $5，000 a month. 8.You can_(large) your vocabulary if you keep on memorizing some new words every day. 答案 1.encouraged 2.reasonable 3.possibly 4.arrange 5.pleased 6.recognition 7.appreciation 8.enlarge,集训 根据所给提示词，完成下列短文，然后朗读或背诵，在语境中体会构词法。 From the _1_ (express) on M
8、arys face，he knew he left a bad _2_ (impress) on her and if she won the _3_ (elect) to become chairman of the Environment _4_ (organize)，he could not get her _5_ (permit) to join it although he was willing to do his bit to rid the world of _6_ (pollute) and to help people enjoy a better earth.When h
9、e was wondering how to change this embarrassing situation，he got _7_ (inspire) from his wifes,words.Yes，he should try his best to win the election and become chairman himself with his _8_ (determine) to work for the organization.“My dear，you are really a wonderful _9_ (help)！Im sure I will be the _1
10、0_ (win) of the election.”He said to his wife excitedly. 答案 1.expression 2.impression 3.election 4.Organization 5.permission 6.pollution 7.inspiration 8.determination 9.helper 10.winner,知识胸有成竹,一、常考前缀 1.表示否定或相反意义的前缀dis-，mis-，un-，il-，im-，in-，ir-，non-，anti-：disagree，misunderstand，unwilling，illegal，impo
11、ssible，nonstop 2.形容词变动词的前缀en-：ableenable；largeenlarge，richenrich 3.其他inter-相互，over-超过；re-重新，ex-以前的，super-超，vice-副：interaction，overweight，reuse，ex-husband，supernatural，vice-chairman,二、常考后缀 1.形容词ly变成副词：realreally，angryangrily，possiblepossibly。 2.动词或名词变成形容词的后缀-able，-ful，-ous，-y，-al， -ible，-ive，-ary：nat
12、urenatural，useuseful，continuecontinuous，healthhealthy。 3.动词变名词的后缀-al，-ance，-ence，-tion，-ssion，-ment，-ture，-y：arrivearrival，appearappearance，existexistence，inviteinvitation。,4.形容词变名词的后缀-cy，-dom，-ence，-th，-age，-ty，-ity：fluentfluence，wisewisdom，silentsilence，growgrowth，safesafety。 5.表示人的后缀-er，-or，-ist，
13、-ee，-ess，-ese，-an，-ian， -ant：teacher，inventor，artist，employee，Chinese，American，musician，servant。 6.表示否定的后缀-less：hopeless，endless，fearless，careless，treeless，meaningless。 7.形容词变动词的后缀-en，-fy：broadbroaden，classclassify。 8.名词变动词的后缀-ize：apologyapologize。,三、转化法 1.名词动词：back n.背vt.支持，seat n.座容纳 2.动词名词：walkta
14、ke a walk，surveymake a survey 3.形容词动词：slow adj.慢的v.减慢 四、合成法 1.名词名词名词：classroom，teamwork，newspaper 2.形容词名词名词：blackboard，highway,3.副词名词名词：overcoat，underground，outbreak 4.副词动词动词：update，overlook 5.名词动词动词：sun-bathe，proof-read 6.名词分词形容词：man-made，hand-made，peace-keeping 7.形容词分词形容词：good-looking,集训 奔向高考 阅读下面
15、材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 When you decide youre going to live alone，you get upset.This is _1_(nature).But theres no need to get _2_ (worry).Below are some ideas _3_ can help you out. Saving money is _4_ you need to start several months before you move out.You need to save enough money _5_(help) you survive for at least a month in the new place.The _6_(easy) of all ways is to spend less!,Search for a place to live in before _7_(move) out.Make sure that the place you choose is in a good location.Besides，you can afford _8_.If youre going to stay in an expensive city，find a ro
