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1、西方经济学必修课3.0 Western EconomicsThis course we mainly learn macroeconomics and microeconomics.Macroeconomics is a branch of economics dealing with the performance, structure, behavior, and decision-making of the entire economy. This includes a national, regional, or global economy.Measures of national
2、income and output: to estimate total economic activity in a country or region, including gross domestic product (GDP), gross national product (GNP), and net national income (NNI)-The expenditure approach. It focuses on finding the total output of a nation by finding the total amount of money spent.
3、C = household consumption, I = gross private domestic investment, G = government consumption and gross investment, X = gross exports of goods and services, M = gross imports of goods and services-The income approach. It equates the total output of a nation to the total factor income received by peop
4、le of the nation.National income = Compensation of employees + Net interest + Rental & royalty income + Profit of firms + Income from self-employment + NFIA (net factor income from abroad).The IS/LM model (Investment Saving/Liquidity preference Money supply) is a macroeconomic tool that demonstrates
5、 the relationship between interest rates and real output in the goods and services market and the money market.Microeconomics is a branch of economics that studies the behavior of how the individual modern household and firms make decisions to allocate limited resources.Demand curve: In economics, t
6、he demand curve is the graph depicting the relationship between the price of a certain commodity, and the amount of it that consumers are willing and able to purchase at that given price.Supply curve: A graph showing the hypothetical supply of a product or service that would be available at differen
7、t price points.证券投资学限选课3.0 Securities and InvestmentSecurities investment is mainly about how to manage the investment, from both fundamental and technical analysis of stocks, the meaning of the fundamentals of analysis of the value of the company stock, financial position, profitability, growth abi
8、lity, technical analysis refers to the analysis of the stock price from a technical point of view, the main application of the k-line theory. The trend line, the form of law, and the golden section theory.Asset management Investment management is the professional management of various securities (sh
9、ares, bonds etc.) and assets (e.g., real estate), to meet specified investment goals for the benefit of the investors. Investors may be institutions (insurance companies, pension funds, corporations etc.) or private investors (both directly via investment contracts and more commonly via collective i
10、nvestment schemes e.g. mutual funds) .The securities market refers only to the capital securities will become the object of trading, the stock market is capitalized securities issuance and circulation spaces. Usually refers to stock, debt, fund income certificate or other securities of a capital mar
11、ket transaction object, such as bill discounting such short-term securities market does not include within the scope of the securities markets or securities industry.证券投资学主要讲的是如何来管理投资，从基本面和技术两个方面来分析股票，基本面的含义是分析公司股票的价值，主要从财务状况，盈利能力，增长能力等方面，技术分析指的是从技术角度来分析股票价格，主要应用的是k线理论。包括趋势线，形态法，以及黄金分割理论等。“资产管理”投资管理
12、的专业管理各种证券（股票，债券等）和资产（如房地产），以满足特定的投资目标，投资者的利益。投资者可机构（保险公司，养老基金，企业等）或私人投资者（无论是直接通过投资合同，通常通过集体投资计划例如共同基金。证券市场 Stock market 证券市场只是指资本化了的证券才会成为买卖的对象，证券市场就是进行资本化有价证券的发行和流通的场所。通常指股票、债权、基金收益凭证等有价证券为交易对象所形成的一种资本市场，而诸如票据贴现这样的短期证券市场则并不包括在证券市场或证券业范围内。国际金融必修课3.0 国际金融主要讲了外汇，外汇包括外国货币，外币形式的有价证券，支付凭证和其他外汇资产。然后学习了汇率的
13、两种标价法，直接标价法和间接标价法。一单位外币=？本币，是直接标价法。 一单位本币=？外币，是间接标价法。中国采用直接标价法。We studied mainly foreign exchange and balance of payments. Foreign exchange consists of foreign currency, securities and payment instrument in the form of foreign currency and other foreign currency assets. Then we studied two quotation
14、s of exchange rate, direct quotation and indirect quotation. One unit foreign currency equals how much domestic currency, this is direct quotation.And one unit domestic currency equals how much foreign currency is indirect quotation. In China, we use direct quotation.还学习了国际收支。国际收支是指一个国家在一定时期内发生的所有对外
15、经济交易的总和。国际收支平衡表可以清晰的显示出一个国家的国际收支状况。国际收支平衡表有三个内容，经常项目，资本项目，平衡项目（错误和遗漏账户）。国际收支平衡表上有贷方余额，则说明国际收支发生了顺差，即这个国家在这段时期的对外经济往来收入大于支出。这会使得该国国际储备和对外支付能力增强。但顺差也有缺点。1.一国外汇市场上的外汇供给大于外汇需求，外汇汇率下降，本币汇率上升，不利于出口，加重国内失业。2.顺差使外汇储备增加，外汇侵占本币的市场，从而引发国内通货膨胀。3.如果是出口引起的顺差，说明国内资源大量外流，不利于本国经济的发展。And we also learned balance of pa
16、yments.It means all international economic trade sum of one country during a period. The balance of payments statement can show the balance of payments situation clearly. There are 3 contents in the statement. Current account, capital and financial account, and balance account.If there is a credit balance in the statement, it means there is surplus in balance of payments, namely the
