《重庆市梁平实验中学高中英语《unit1 plant world》grammar课件2 重庆大学版必修4》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《重庆市梁平实验中学高中英语《unit1 plant world》grammar课件2 重庆大学版必修4（69页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、Passive Voice,被 动 语 态,Read the following sentences, paying attention to the colored parts.,1) Bamboo is so strong that it is often used to build houses and bridges. 2) Some are put into cans and shipped to all corners of the world. 3) Bamboos can be fitted together and used as pipes to carry water b
2、rought from a river or lake through them .,4) The traffic accident was talked for many years. 5) All of us will be asked to attend the lecture. 6) A bamboo park is being built near the factory. 7) The road to the school has been widened. 8) Had he been sent to work in Beijing when you got there?,英语动
3、词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：,Summary:,They will build a new bridge over the river. (主动) A new bridge will be built over the river. (被动),汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成。,被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化 主要体现在be的变化上，其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。以give为例，列表如下： 一般现在时： am / is / are + give
4、n 一般过去时： was / were +given 一般将来时： shall / will +be+ given 现在进行时： am / is / are + being + given,现在完成时： have / has + been + given 过去完成时： had + been + given 过去进行时： was / were + being + given 过去将来时： should / would +be+ given 将来完成时： shall / will + have been + given 过去将来完成时： should / would + have been + g
5、iven 注被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。,Rice is grown in the south of the country.,We are not allowed to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher.,1. 一般现在时： People grow rice in the south of the country.,The school doesnt allow us to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher.,被动语态常用的八种时态,The building of a new ca
6、r factory was agreed on last month.,His lessons were not easily forgotten.,2. 一般过去时： They agreed on the building of a new car factory last month.,The students didnt forget his lessons easily.,3. 一般将来时：,Cars will be sent abroad by sea.,Plenty of jobs will be given to school-leavers.,They will send ca
7、rs abroad by sea.,They will give plenty of jobs to school-leavers.,The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year.,4. 过去将来时： The manager said they would complete the project by the end of the year.,The workers told me that the car would be mended as soon as possible.,The work
8、ers told me they would mend the car as soon as possible.,English lessons are being broadcasted on the radio.,The rooms are being painted.,5. 现在进行时：,The radio is broadcasting English lessons.,We are painting the rooms.,Because the road was being mended.,Trees were being planted here this time last ye
9、ar.,6. 过去进行时： Why didnt they drive there on time? Because the workers were mending the road.,This time last year we were planting trees here.,I have been told the sports meet might be put off.,The price has been brought down.,7. 现在完成时： Someone has told me the sports meet might be put off.,We have br
10、ought down the price.,When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out.,He had been considered to be a great leader.,The whole country was very sad at the news of his death; People had considered him to be a great leader.,8. 过去完成时： When I got to the theatre, I found they had
11、already sold out the tickets.,Your compositions must be handed in after class.,You must hand in your compositions after class.,9. 含有情态动词的被动语态： 含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词+ be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。,A great many letters can be written with the computer by him.,He can write a great many letters with the computer.,被动语态的
12、使用,1. 当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用by短语。,“Mr. White, the cup with mixture was broken after class. ”,(只是告诉老师杯子坏了，不知是谁弄坏的，或不想说出谁弄坏的。),2. 突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by短语。,These records were made by John Denver. The cup was broken by Paul.,3. 当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者，也不是动作的承受者时，这时常用in +名词作状语，而代替 by 短语。,These
13、 cars were made in China. 15, 000 cars will be produced each year in the new factory.,（1）My aunt invited me to her dinner party. 主语 谓语 宾语 I was invited (by my aunt ) to her 主语 谓语 宾语 dinner party. （2）The school set up a special class to help poor readers. A special class to help poor readers was set
14、up in the school.,主动语态变被动语态的方法,1. 把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。 2. 把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be+过去分词，时态要与原句保持一致。 3. 把主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，放在被动语态里谓语动词之后，by短语可以省略。如果原句主语是地点名词，在被动语态中用in + 地点名词作状语。,语态转换时要注意的问题 1. 把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。 We have bought a new computer. A new computer has been bought. (正确)
15、 A new computer have been bought. (错误),2. 含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。 My uncle gave on my birthday. was given on my birthday. 如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词，如上句还可以说： A present was given to me yesterday.,保留宾语,me,a present,a present,I,注意：一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词to，如：,bring, give
16、, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, show, take, teach, tell等。如： The cup with mixture was showed to the class. My bike was lent to her.,一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词 for, 如：,build, buy, cook, cut, choose, do, fetch, find, fix, get, keep, make, order, paint, play, sing 等。 如：Mother made me a new skirt. (A new skirt was made for me. ) The meat was cooked for us. Some country music was played for us.,He asked me a question. (A question w
