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1、Unit 15 Were trying to save the manatees!,Warming up Animals are mans friends.,Whats this? And how to describe it?,enormous, gray,Whats this? And how to describe it?,noisy, clever,Whats this? And how to describe it?,playful,Whats this? And how to describe it?,gentle, shy,Whats this? And how to descr
2、ibe it?,playful,Whats this? And how to describe it?,aggressive, funny,1b Listening,gentle furry enormous playful noisy shy aggressive gray fast spotted,I am like this animal because I am strong and intelligent. I like water and I like to eat vegetables.,Youre like an elephant.,No.,Youre like a Manat
3、ee.,Yes.,2a Listening,Explanation,1.I am like this animal because I am strong and intelligent. be like=look like=be similar to 像，看起来像。如： He is like his father. 他像他的父亲。 = He looks like his father. = He is similar to his father.,这里的like作介词，意思为“像”，like 还可做动词用，表示“喜欢”，like（doing）sth. 喜欢做某事。如： He likes hi
4、s father very much. 他很喜欢他的父亲。 Mary likes playing volleyball. 玛丽喜欢打排球。,2.How big are manatees? 海牛有多大？ how big. 询问体重。以how组合的疑问词组有很多，如： how old 询问年龄 how often询问频率 how long询问动作持续的长短 how much询问质量或者价钱 how far 询问距离 how many询问数量 how soon 询问过多久,3.they weigh about 1,000 pounds, 他们大约重1000磅。 weigh 称重量，测重量。如： He
5、 weighed the stone in his hand. 他用手掂了掂这块石头的重量。 The piece of meat weighs four pounds. 这块肉重四磅。,weight 还可用做名词，重量。 如： What is your weight？ 你的体重是多少？,4. Were trying to save the manatees. 我们正在竭尽全力拯救海牛。 Try to do =try ones best to do 努力去做某事。如： Every student should try to study hard in order to study in a un
6、iversity. 为了进入大学学习, 每个学生都应该 努力学习。,Grammar,do / does,did,be (am / is / are) doing,have / has done,was / were done,have / has been done,定义：现在完成时表示到目前为止已经完成，并对现在留下某种后果和影响的动作。 1. 表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,常与一些时间状语。,现在完成时,have / has + 动词的过去分词,如: already, yet, ever, never, just, before, once, twice 等连用, 也可以和
7、包括现在在内的时间状语, 如these days, today, this year, so far 等连用。,2. 表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,一直持续到现在,也许还将继续下去,可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间的状语连用。 即for +时间段, since+时间点/从句, in the last ten years等, 谓语只可用延续性动词。,2. has / have been to 去过某地表示某人的一种经历,可与once, twice, already, ever, never等连用。 have/has gone to 去某地了,说话时某人已离开此地,在去某地的途中或已
8、在某地。,have / has been in 逗留在某地 (已经一段时间)。 常和for ten days, since I came here等连用。,1. Where is Jim? He _ Wuhan. 2. My parents _ the Great Wall twice. They like there very much. 3. _ you ever _ to the Happy valley? 4. How long _ Peter _ the West Hill farm?,have been to,Have,been to,has,been in,has gone to
9、,5. My sister _ the shop. She will be back in two hours. 6. She _ Shanghai. She isnt here. 7. She _ Shanghai. She is here. 8. She _ Shanghai for two years.,has gone to,has gone to,has been to,has been in,3. already - yet 已经 用于肯定句,用于否定句, 疑问句,1. She has not seen this film _. She has _ seen this film.
10、2. I have _ combed my hair. Have you combed your hair _. 3. He has _ watched a video. He has not watched a video _.,already,already,already,yet,yet,yet,4. 现在完成时中延续性动词和终止性动词,英语动词根据词义可分为两种,一种是延续性的,一种是终止性的,终止性动词(也可称为非延续性动词,瞬间动词,或点动词),如:become, begin, buy, borrow, arrive, die, finish, get to know, go, j
11、oin, marry, start, stop等。表示动作的发生 与结束于一瞬间完成,不能再延续,所以它的现在完成时不能和表示延续的时间状语连用,即不能与表示一段时间的状语, for+时间段, since+时间点/从句连用,也不能用在how long引导的特殊疑问句。,初中英语课本中常见终止性动词有: leave, go, come, arrive, begin, buy, borrow, die, join, become 等。 终止性动词要表示持续时, 可用以下方法： 将时间状语改为时间段 + ago, 句中谓语动词用一般过去时。,eg. 我弟弟参军两年了。 My brother join
12、ed the army two years ago. 若保留for + 时间段, since+时间点/从句, 或用在 how long句型中, 则需将终止性动词改为相应的状态动词或延续性动词。,come / go / arrive / get / reach / move - be in/at open - be open die - be dead close - be closed become -be borrow - keep put on - wear buy - have,常见终止性动词与延续性动词 (或状态动词) 的对应关系如下:,leave - be away (from) b
13、egin / start - be on fall asleep - be asleep end/finish - be over catch a cold - have a cold,join the army - be in the army be a soldier join the Party - be in the Party be a Party member,1. 吉姆买了这只钢笔两年了。 Jim has had this pen for two years. Jim has had this pen since two years ago. Jim has had this p
14、en since 2003. It is two years since Jim bought this pen.,It has been two years since Jim bought this pen. Jim bought this pen two years ago. 2. 李雷自从2003年就参军。 3. 那部电影开始30分钟了。 4. 自从两年前这家商店就开了。 5. 那个老人已经死了五年了。 6. 莉莉六年前就离开家了。,现在完成时和一般过去时的区别： 现在完成时所表明的是过去发生的动作对现在的影响, 强调的是现在的情况, 不可以和表示过去的时间状语 yesterday,
15、in 1991, three days ago last time, last night等连用。 一般过去时表明的是过去发生的事实, 和现在不发生关系。,5. 现在完成时中的 for 与 since for + 时间段与延续性动词的现在完成时连用 since + 时间点/从句。 I have kept the library book for a week. = I have kept the library book since a week ago.,It is /has been + 一段时间 + since. 自从某事发生已有一段时间了。 eg. It is /has been two years since my brother joined the army.,注意: 1. since 引导的从句中动词用过去时。 2. when 引导 的特殊问句不与现在完成时连用。 3. have got,has got 虽然是现在完成时,但 have got = have has got = has,1. Its a long time since we _ (meet) last time, isnt it? 2. -I know
