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1、A LIFE CYCLE APPROACH TO MANAGING ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT (EEE) IN CANADA,Overview,E-waste Generated in Canada Hazardous Properties of E-waste Canadas Approach to Managing E-waste Federal Provincial Canadian Electronics Industry Contributions Observations & Lessons Learned,Land area = 9 mi
2、llion km2 10 provinces, 3 territories Population = 32 million (2006) 85% located in four provinces: Ontario Quebec British Columbia Alberta,Canada is a big country with a relatively small population,but we generate significant quantities of e-waste,Environment Canada baseline studies (2000 - 2003) E
3、-waste disposed = 158,000 tonnes (2002), or 5 kg per capita E-waste recycled = 9,000 tonnes (2002), or 5% of all e-waste Less than 1% of solid waste generated in Canada is e-waste,Manufacture & disposal of e-waste may also have climate change impacts,Manufacture of a single computer consumes:,240 kg
4、 of fossil fuel 22 kg of chemicals 1,500 kg of water United Nations University, Computers & the Environment (2003),Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions for computer waste:,Figures consider emissions from processing, tansport & landfilling Canada could save 88,000 tonnes of eCO2 / year by recycling all PCs
5、,& e-waste may contain hazardous & toxic constituents,3,100 tonnes 1 tonne 3 tonnes 4.4 tonnes 418 tonnes 11,300 tonnes 7.9 tonnes,(cathode ray tubes, solder, circuit boards, cables) (fluorescent tubes, switches ) (colour pigments, plastic stabilizers) (phosphorescent coatings, pigments, stabilizers
6、) (metal alloys) (may contain brominated flame retardants & PVCs) (copper alloys, contact springs),766 tonnes 0.4 tonne 235 tonnes 386 tonnes,(small sealed lead acid batteries only) (non-mercuric free zinc air batteries) (nickel cadmium batteries) (nickel cadmium & nickel metal hydride batteries),In
7、 2002, personal computers disposed of in Canada (i.e. 52 kt) contained: Lead: Mercury: Chromium: Cadmium: Nickel: Plastics: Beryllium: In 2004, consumer batteries disposed in Canada (i.e. 11 kt) contained: Lead: Mercury: Cadmium: Nickel:,Managing solid wastes, including EEE, is a shared responsibili
8、ty in Canada,Federal government: Regulates toxic substances & international / inter-provincial hazardous waste movements Transcribes international agreements into national law (e.g. Basel Convention, OECD) Achieved through the Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA 1999) Environment Canada is t
9、he regulating authority Provincial & territorial government: Regulates product stewardship & intra-provincial movements Control & license intra-provincial waste generators, carriers & treatment facilities Municipal government: Provinces convey authorities to municipalities Oversee local waste manage
10、ment services (collection, recycling, disposal) May impose local landfill bans Providing direction on recycling & disposal to the general public,Canada is engaged in “front-end” & “back-end” activities of the EEE product life cycle,“Front-end” Activities,“Back-end” Activities,Overview of Environment
11、 Canadas work at the “front-end” of the EEE product life cycle,Green procurement test methods for finished products Risk management measures Baseline studies & other reports on EEE & batteries Chemical Management Plan (announced Dec 2006) Categorize & screen of 23,000 substances in domestic commerce
12、 in batches 200 substances identified for priority action (over 50 may be linked to the EEE sector) Other cooperation mechanisms NA CEC Clean Electronics Pollution Prevention Partnership European Commission Canada Regulatory Cooperation Roadmap International Task Force on Sustainable Products (UK le
13、d working group) part of UNEP Marrakech Process for Sustainable Consumption & Production “product networks” being established to work on selected products including batteries, and TVs,Overview of Environment Canadas work at the “back-end” of the EEE product life cycle,Environmentally sound managemen
14、t Administration, enforcement & compro of federal waste regulations Fostering Extended Producer Responsibility for EEE National Steering Committee on Electronics Recycling (information sharing) Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (principles & product list) National EPR workshops Suppor
15、ting ESM standards development for reuse & recycling (OECD, domestic, internal) Basel Convention Public-Private Partnerships (mobile phones, computers) Risk management measures Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) Mercury-containing products (Compact fluorescent lamps, batteries) Other priority sub
16、stances to be identified by the Chemicals Management Plan process Waste diversion Extending operational life of Departmental PC use before replacement Examination of thin client models Computers for Schools (CfS) management of federal surplus computers,Canada-wide principles encourage consistencies in provincial programs,Canada-wide Principles for Electronic Product Stewardship Issued by Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (June 2004) producer re
