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1、第十一节特殊句式考点一 倒装1全部倒装就是把全部谓语提到主语之前，常见的类型有：(1)表示地点、方位或时间的副词或介词短语，如here，there，then，up，down，in，out，away，off，in the room，on the wall等置于句首，且主语是名词时。There goes the bell.Lets go into the lecture hall.铃响了。我们进入演讲大厅吧。At the foot of the mountain lies a village.山脚下有一个村庄。(2)表语置于句首，为保持句子平衡，或以示强调，或使上下文衔接。Present at t
2、he meeting were Professor White，Professor Smith and many other guests.出席会议的有怀特教授、史密斯教授，还有许多其他客人。2部分倒装(1)only所修饰的词、短语或从句位于句首作状语时。Only then did he realize the importance of English.只是在那时他才意识到英语的重要性。Only when he came back did we find out the truth.只有当他回来时，我们才查明了事实真相。名师点津当only修饰主语时，句子不倒装。Only you can wo
3、rk out the problem.只有你能解决这个问题。(2)含有否定意义的副词或短语如never，seldom，little，hardly，rarely，by no means，at no time，not until等位于句首时。Never have I heard a speech as impressive as this.我从未听过这么动人的演讲。At no time should you give up studying.在任何时候你都不应放弃读书。(3)so/neither/nor置于句首，表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人或事物时。They love having lots
4、 of friends，so do those with disabilities.他们喜欢拥有许多朋友，残疾人也是如此。I dont know who he is，nor do I care.我不知道他是谁，我也不关心。名师点津so表示“是的，确实”时，重复上文，表示赞同对方的观点时，主谓语不倒装。He does business successfully.他做生意很成功。So he does.他确实如此。(4)so.that中的so位于句首时。So loudly did he speak that he was heard upstairs.他说话声音这么大，楼上都听得见。(5)thoug
5、h/as引导让步状语从句时，意为“尽管”，通常把句中状语、表语或动词提前；若表语是名词，其前不用冠词。Much as I like it，I dont want to buy it.尽管我很喜欢它，但我不想买。Try as he would，he might fail again.尽管他还会尝试，但可能还会失败。(6)当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有had，were或should等时，如将if省略，则要将had，were或should等移到主语之前。Were I you，I would take this chance.如果我是你，我会抓住这次机会。Should it rain tomorrow
6、，the sports meeting would be put off.如果明天下雨，运动会就会被推迟。考点二 强调1强调句型的基本形式为It is/was 被强调部分that/who 其他成分被强调部分可以是主语、宾语和状语等。当强调部分为“人”时，可用that或who，其他情况下用that。It was in Greece that Olympic competition started.奥林匹克竞赛是在希腊开始的。It was Columbus that discovered America.是哥伦布发现了美洲大陆。名师点津要注意强调时间的句型与时间状语从句的区别，试比较： It wa
7、s at midnight that I got back home yesterday.我昨天半夜才回到家。 It was midnight when I got back home yesterday.昨天我回到家时，已是半夜了。2强调句型的疑问句形式(1)一般疑问句：Is/Was it被强调部分that/who其他成分？ Was it you who told Mary the news?是你把消息告诉玛丽的吗？(2)特殊疑问句：疑问词 is/was it that 其他成分？Who was it that helped you find the wallet?是谁帮你找到钱包的？3“n
8、ot .until.”的强调句型为“It is/was not until.that”从句It was not until the next day that I learned the truth.直到第二天，我才得知事情的真相。4谓语动词的强调强调句型不能强调谓语，如果要强调谓语，需用助动词do，does或did。He did write to you last week.他上周确实给你写信了。考点三 省略1状语从句的省略(1)当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句的主语为it且从句中有be动词时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词。When (I was)in Japan，I took
9、many beautiful pictures.在日本时，我拍了许多漂亮的照片。Though(it was)cold，he still wore a shirt.尽管冷，他仍穿着件衬衫。(2)常见if的省略句有：if so，if not，if any，if ever，if necessary等。Mistakes，if(there are)any，should be corrected.如果有什么错误，就应该改正。2不定式的省略单独使用动词不定式符号to而省略后面的部分。Would you like to study English with me?你愿意和我一起学英语吗？Yes，Id like
10、 to.是的，我愿意。Will you join us in the game?你愿意加入我们的游戏吗？Id be glad to.我很高兴能加入。名师点津如果不定式中含有be，have时，be和have通常保留。Are you a sailor? 你是水手吗？No，but I used to be.不，但我曾经是。考点四 主谓一致1就近原则(1)由or，either.or.，neither.nor.，not only.but also.等连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时，谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。Neither his parents nor his wife is at
11、 home.他父母和他妻子都不在家。You or I am going to meet them at the station this afternoon.我或者你今天下午要去车站接他们。名师点津当主语后面有with，together with，along with，as well as，rather than，but，except等连接的短语时，其谓语动词的单复数要与它们前面的主语保持一致。The professor with a number of students was doing experiments in the lab at that time.那时教授带着许多学生正在实验室
12、里做实验。(2)由there，here引起的主语不止一个时，谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。即就近原则。There is a table and some chairs in the room.房间里有一张桌子和几把椅子。2常见谓语动词用单数的情况(1)由连词连接的并列成分表示一身兼二职或指的是同一概念，作主语时用单数。The worker and artist is from Wuhan.那位工人兼艺术家来自武汉。(2)当被every，each，no，many a等修饰的名词用and连接时，谓语动词仍用单数。 Every boy and every girl has the rig
13、ht to education.每一个男孩和女孩都有受教育的权利。(3)不定式、动名词或句子作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit.早睡早起是一个好习惯。What we need is more time.我们需要的是更多的时间。名师点津主语为表示时间、距离、金钱等整体概念的名词时用单数。Two hours is not long enough for the work.对于做这项工作来说，两个小时不算长。3常见谓语动词用复数的情况(1)由and连接的两个并列成分表示不同的概念。Both bread
14、 and butter are sold out.面包和黄油都卖完了。(2)people，police，cattle等有生命的集体名词作主语。The police are searching for the thief.警察正在捉小偷。比较：The Chinese people is a great people.中华民族是一个伟大的民族。(people 作为“民族”讲时，作单数用)(3)“the形容词”表示一类人时。The rich are for the plan，but the poor are against it.富人赞成这个计划，而穷人反对。(4)“quantities/amoun
15、ts of 名词”作主语时。Great quantities of sand were washed down the hillside by the rain.雨水把大量的泥沙冲下山坡。4谓语动词单复数视情况而定(1)单复数同形的名词如means，works，sheep，fish，deer等作主语时，要根据具体情况而定。Every means has been tried.All means have been tried.所有的方法都已经试过了。(2)“分数/百分数或the rest等名词”作主语时，谓语动词要和of后的名词在数上保持一致。More than 70 percent of the surface of our planet is covered by water.我们这颗行星70%多的表面被水覆盖。Onethird of the students are girls in our group.我们组三分之一的成员都是女
