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1、完成句子和句子翻译知识清单1. Its+adj.+for sb.+to do sth. 对某人来说做某事怎么样,如:It is dangerous for children to play in the street. 孩子们在街上玩是很危险的。2. Its time for sth. 是干某事的时间了;Its time(for sb.)to do sth. 该干某事了。如:Its time for the meeting. 该开会了。Its time for us to go to school. 我们该上学了。3. It takes sb. some time to do sth. 干某事
2、花某人一些时间。sb. spend some time/money on sth./(in)doing sth. 某人花时间(金钱)在某事上/花时间(金钱)干某事。sth. cost sb. some money 某事花某人一些钱pay some money for sth. 为某事(物)付钱,如:It took me two hours to write the letter. 写这封信花了我两小时的时间。He spends half an hour(in)reading English every morning. 他每天早上花半小时读英语。He spends one hour on th
3、e housework every day. 他每天花一小时做家务。The bike cost me 500 yuan. 这辆自行车花了我500元。I spent 500 yuan on the bike. 我买这辆自行车花了500元。I paid 500 yuan for the bike. 我花了500元买这辆自行车。重要提示:cost主语一般为物;spend, pay主语一般为人。例中it 用作形式主语,动词不定式为真正主语。4. too+形容词/副词+to do. 太以致不能 如:I was too excited to say a word.我激动得一个字也说不出来。Tom is t
4、oo short to reach the apple.Tom太矮了,拿不到那个苹果。重要提示:这是一个否定句型,不能在不定式前加 not,可以用so. that. 结构改写。例句可以改写成:I was so excited that I couldnt say a word.5. so that. 以便/以致 如:They studied hard so that they could pass the exam. 为了能通过考试,他们学习很努力。They started early so that they caught the early bus. 他们起得很早,结果赶上了早班车。重要提
5、示:在例句中,是引导目的状语;在例句中,是引导结果状语。一般来讲,若从句中含有情态动词,则so that引导的为目的状语。若无情态动词,则so that引导的为结果状语。6. 祈使句+then/or/and+陈述句 如:Work hard,and/then/and then you will live a happy life. 努力工作,你就会过上幸福的生活。Hurry up,or we will be late for school. 快点,否则我们上学就迟到了。注意:以上句型都可以用条件状语从句来改写。例句可以改写成:If we dont hurry up,well be late fo
6、r school.7. Why not do.? 为什么不?Lets do. 让我们做吧。Shall we do.?我们做好吗?Would you like/to do.?你想要(做)吗?Will you please do.?请你做好吗?What(How)about doing.?做怎么样?had better do/not do sth.最好做/不做某事。如:Why not go and ask our teacher?为什么不去问问老师?Good idea! Lets go. 好主意!走吧!Shall we go out for a walk? 我们去散步怎么样?No,Lets go t
7、o the zoo. 不,我们去动物园吧。Will you please fetch some chalks for me? 请你给我拿些粉笔,好吗?What about singing an English song? 唱首英文歌曲怎么样?Wonderful! 好极了!You had better put on the coat when you go out. 你出去时最好把外套穿上。8. I dont think his answer is right.我认为他的答案不对。 如:I cant believe she is right. 我相信她是不对的。You dont think th
8、ey will come tomorrow,do you? 你认为他们明天不会来,是吗?重要提醒:think,believe,suppose等接宾语从句,表示否定时否定主句。变为反意疑问句时,若主语是第一人称,简短问句与宾语从句的主谓语保持一致,若主句主语是其他人称,与主句主谓语保持一致。例句变为反意疑问句应为:I cant believe she is right,is she?9. such+名词性词组+that.;so+形容词/副词+that. 如此以致如:She is such a good teacher that we all love her. 她是一个好老师,我们都爱她。It
9、was such a hot day that they didnt go out for a walk as usual. 这么热的天气,他们没有像往常一样去散步。重要提醒:(1)“such+a(an)+形容词+名词+that.”,可以改写成“so+形容词+a(an)+名词+that.”,例句可以改写成:She is so good a teacher that we all love her.(2)在“such+形容词+名词复数或不可数名词+that.”结构中,形容词如果是many/few或much/little时,用so不用such,即:so+many/few+可数名词复数+that.
10、,so+much/little+不可数名词+that. 。如:There are so many people in the room that I cant get in.房间里人太多,我进不去。The man has so much money that he can buy a car.那人很有钱,他能买一辆小汽车。10. there be.;either. or.;neither. nor.;not only. but also. 如:There is a pen and two pencils in his pencil-box. 他的铅笔盒里有一支钢笔和两支铅笔。Not only
11、you but also I want to go travelling.不但你,我也想去旅游。Either you or I am leaving for Shanghai.要么你去上海,要么我去上海。Neither you nor he is right. 你和他都不对。Both Jack and Tim are English. Jack和Tim都是英国人。重要提示:当这几个句型连接主语时,谓语动词的人称和数要遵循“就近原则”。对比both. and. 来记忆,both. and. 连接主语时视为复数。11. enough+名词+to do. 有足够的做某事;形容词/副词+enough+
12、to do. 足够做某事。如:There is enough room to hold these people to have a meeting. 这儿有足够的地方容下这些人开会。The boy is strong enough to carry the heavy box. 这个男孩儿力气够大,能搬动这只箱子。重要提示:enough作副词修饰形容词或副词时,放在所修饰词的后面,句子可以用so. that. 句型改写。例句可以改写为:The boy is so strong that he can carry the heavy box.12. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢(爱好
13、)做某事;like to do/like doing sth. 喜欢做某事。如:Do you enjoy listening to music? 你喜欢听音乐吗?I like to swim in the swimming pool. 我喜欢在游泳池中游泳。(喜欢到某一具体的地方游泳)I like swimming. 我喜欢游泳。(只讲喜欢这项运动)提分策略纵观全国各地中考英语试题的句子翻译题,其考查的重点为:各类重要句型结构及搭配、重点词的用法及习惯表达、主要语法规则及其运用等,为了便于评分,大多题型用“翻译填空”即“完成句子”来考查学生“译”的能力,此种题型一般占试卷总分的百分之十左右。解
14、答这类试题,考生需要注意以下方面:1. 要明确命题意图,做到有的放矢。一般说来,句子翻译都有个明显的考查意图,要么是考查某个词的用法或习惯表达,要么是考查某个句型的结构或搭配,或者是考查某条语法规则的具体运用,等等。在做题时若能明确命题者的考查意图,那么便可加强做题的针对性,从而做到有的放矢。2. 要注意英语的习惯表达以及英汉两种语言的不同之处。由于历史、文化等方面的原因,英汉两种语言在用词选句等方面有许多不同之处,这一点考生一定要引起足够的重视,千万不要用汉语的习惯硬套英语句型。比如:汉语中常说“希望/建议/同意/拒绝某人做某事”,但英语习惯上却不能 hope/suggest/agree/r
15、efuse sb. to do sth.;又比如:汉语中的“红茶”,按英语的习惯是说成 black tea,而不是对应地说成red tea。再比如:汉语的“踢足球”和“打篮球”,分别要用“踢”和“打”,且习惯上不能替换(即不说“打足球”或“踢篮球”),但在英语中既不用kick(踢),也不用beat(打),却通用一个play。 所有这些方面的基础语法知识和基本惯用法知识,同学们在复习迎考过程中都要特别注意。3. 不要逐字翻译。不少同学在做翻译练习中往往有逐字翻译的习惯,比如:当他要译“他年龄很大”这样一个极为简单的句子时,他往往会逐字译为 His age is very big. 而不是正确地译为 He is old. 又如要译“我工作很忙”,他不是正确地译为 Im busy,而是逐字译为 My work is very busy. 所有这些问题考生在复习迎考中都要予以充分重视。4. 由于句子翻译一般采用翻译填空的形式,也就是说被填空的句子在句法结构或
