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1、第13讲 定语从句,例 The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of _ left their village homes for a better life in the city. (2010浙江卷) A. whom B. which C. them D. those,A,解析此处考查的是介词+which/whom引导从句。由many之前的逗号和选项特征，此处是主从句关系，需要连词。由于先行词是“1,000 people”，表示人，故用whom。句意为：这里居住着将近1000人，他们中的许多人都背井离乡去城市追求更好的生活。,
2、例 Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school _I met in the English speech contest last year.(2010湖南卷) A. who B. where C. when D. which,解析该题关键在于找准先行词，是my school还是the students。根据从句的句意以及met缺少宾语可判断先行词是人，故选关系代词who/whom。,A,例 Stephen Hawking believes that earth is unlikely to be the
3、only planet _ life has developed gradually. (2010福建卷) A. that B. where C. which Dwhose,解析先行词为planet，定语从句中缺地点状语，故选where，等于on which。,B,例 In China, the number of cities is increasing _ development is recognized across the world. (2010重庆卷) A. where B. which C. whose D. that,解析考查定语从句中关系代词whose的用法，它既可指代人也
4、可指代物，在从句中作定语。本题中development与先行词cities之间是所属关系，所以选whose。,C,例 The house I grew up _ has been taken down and replaced by an office building. (2009江西卷) A. in it B. in C. in that D. in which,解析先行词为the house, 从句I grew up不缺宾语或主语， 结合先行词应填状语in which，表地点，也可用where代替，但是空格在从句末而非先行词后，应还原为The house (that/which) I g
5、rew up in, that/which作in的宾语可省略。,B,方法点拨：考生要把关系代词指代的先行词代入到定语从句，把定语从句还原为一个完整的简单句，再判定先行词在句子中的成分，由此来选择正确的关系代词。先行词指人，则用who/ that, whom作宾语；先行词指物，则用which, that。 注意关系代词的省略：关系代词若在限制性定语从句中作宾语并且前面无介词时，关系代词可省略，其他情况不可省。,关系代词,在非限制性定语从句中，as和which可代替整个主句，相当于and this或and that。二者的区别主要在于： 1. as引导的非限制性定语从句既可以在主句前，也可以在主句
6、后，有时还可以插入句中，常带有“正如，正像”的意思。而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后，翻译成“这”。 As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health. The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us,关系代词as和which,2. 若先行词有such, the same, so adj.+a/an等修饰时，用as充当关系代词引导定语从句，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语等。 She is such a nice girl as we all like. (as 是关系代词，代替
7、先行词such a nice girl, 充当like的宾语。意思为：她是一个我们大家都喜欢的乖女孩。) 对比：She is such a nice girl that we all like her. (结果状语从句。意思为：她是如此乖的一个女孩以至于我们大家都喜欢她。),关系代词as和which,“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，关系代词指人时用whom，指物时用which。 1. 某些带有介词的动词短语，介词可以提至关系代词之前。但是在一些固定搭配的短语动词中则不能，如take care of, look for, look after, care for等。 This is the b
8、ook (which / that) I am looking for.不可以说：This is the book for which I am looking.,“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,2. “介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词修饰，且有时这些数词或代词也可以放在“介词+关系代词”之后。 He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.=He loved his parents deeply, of
9、whom both are very kind to him.,“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,3. 介词+which / whom+to do结构。这种结构可以改为：介词+which / whom+定语从句。 I dont have enough money with which to buy such an expensive dress.=I dont have enough money with which I can buy such an expensive dress.,“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,4. 在非限制性定语从句中，which可作定语，指先行词(短语或句子)所表
10、示的信息，形成“介词+which +名词”结构，相当于and in/at/during this/that+名词。 He was very ill, in which case (=and in this case) we sent him to hospital first.,“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,关系词whose,whose可以指代人或物，在定语从句中作定语， 后跟名词。指物时，whose+名词= the+ 名词 +of which/= of which the + 名词。还原为： the +名词+of +先行词/ 先行词s +名词。 The classroom whose d
11、oor/ the door of which/of which the door is broken is on the second floor.(whose在从句中作定语，修饰door，定语从句可还原为：The door of the classroom is broken. ),1. 关系副词的分类和作用 (1)when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语；when=表示时间的介词(in / at / on / during)+which。 I still remember the day when/on which I first came to the school. (2)where指地
12、点，在定语从句中作地点状语，where=表示地点的介词(in / at / on / under)+which。 The house where/ in which I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.,关系副词when/where/why,(3)why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语， why=表示原因的介词(for)+which。 I dont know the reason why/for which he looks unhappy today.,关系副词when/where/why,2. 以the way为先行词的定语从句，若way 在
13、句中表示方式状语，则由in which或that引导，而且通常可以省略。 The way (in which / that) he answered the question was surprising.(in which / that在从句中充当状语) 注意：The way (which / that) he explained to us was quite simple.( which / that在从句中充当宾语),关系副词when/where/why,3. 有时为了表达更清楚，可以在关系副词where / when前加上介词to, from等。 China is the birth
14、place of kites, from where kites spread to Japan, Korea, Thailand and India. 4. 一些特殊的先行词如situation, point, case, activity, scene及period, festival, occasion等要注意具体情况具体分析，作主语、宾语和表语用that/which，作状语用where/when/介词+which。,关系副词when/where/why,1. 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 I, who am your close friend
15、, will try my best to help you whenever you are in trouble. 2. one of + 复数名词+ 关系代词+ 复数动词；而the only one of + 复数名词+ 关系代词+ 单数动词。 Harry Potter is one of the bestsellers that are popular with teenagers.,定语从句的主谓一致,Harry Potter is the only one of the bestsellers that makes the author a billionaire. 3. 在非限制性定语从句中，由关系代词as或which代替整个主句时，从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。 He has passed the exam, which makes us surprised. Great changes have taken place in China, as is known to all.,定语从句的主谓一致, Its well known that rice can be only grown in areas _enough water. A. where is B. where have C. there is D. which have,解析先行词
