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1、Module 5 A Trip Along the Three Gorges 核心单词 1. surround vt. 围绕;环绕 常用结构: surround sb./sth. with sb./sth. 使某人/物被某人/物包围 be surrounded by/with sb. /sth. 被某人/某物所包围 She was sitting on the floor surrounded by books. 她坐在地板上,被书包围着。 联想拓展 surrounding adj. 周围的 surroundings n. 环境 in the surrounding area 在周围地区 A
2、wall surrounds the garden.花园由一座墙围绕着。 After the explosion the police sealed off the surrounding area. 爆炸后警方封锁了周围地区。 2. mainly adv. 主要地(=chiefly);大部分地(=mostly),This club is mainly made up of young people. 这个俱乐部主要由年轻人组成。 The people in the streets were mainly tourists. 街上的人大多是游客。 He learns English mainl
3、y because he is interested in it. 他学英语主要是因为他对英语感兴趣。 易混辨析 mostly/mainly/almost/most mostly副词,意为“大部分,大多数”,侧重数量,也可指时间。 mainly副词,意为“主要地”,侧重主次之分,也可作“大部分,大多数”讲,此时意思等同于mostly。 almost副词,意为“几乎,差不多”,不指数量,指程度。 most表示“大部分,大多数”时,用作形容词或代词。作代词时,用于“most of+the +n.”结构,表示“中的大多数”;而作形容词时用于“most+n.”结构,意为“大多数”表示泛指。,3. fo
4、rbid vt. (forbade, forbidden)禁止,阻止;不许 常用结构: forbid doing sth. 禁止做某事 forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事 forbid sb. sth. 禁止某人某事 Lack of space forbids further treatment of the topic here. 因篇幅所限,此处不便对本题作进一步阐述。 It is necessary to forbid shops and supermarkets from offering free plastic bags.有必要禁止商店和超市提供免费塑料袋。
5、 His parents forbid him to drink wine. 他的父母不准他喝酒。 More and more public places in our country forbid smoking. 我国越来越多的公共场所禁止吸烟。 forbidding adj.冷峻的;令人生畏的 forbidden adj. 禁止的;不准的 the Forbidden City 紫禁城,4. require vt. 需要;要求 The plan requires careful consideration.这个计划需要仔细的考虑。 常用结构: require sb. to do sth.
6、要求某人做某事 require sb. of sth. 要求某人某事 require doing/to be done 需要被 require that sb./sth.(should)do sth.命令/要求 All the members are required to attend the meeting. 要求所有的会员都参加会议。 What do you require of me? 你要求我做什么? Your clothes require washing/to be washed. 你的衣服需要洗了。 We require that each of you should work
7、 all night. 我们要求每个人都要工作整个晚上。 requirement n. 要求,注意:require后面不能直接接动词不定式作宾语,接宾语从句时要用虚拟语气。 易混辨析 demand/request/require/ order demand表示“要求”,语气强烈,经常表示当权者的要求或不容反驳的要求。request语气较弱,意为“请求,要求”,可以被看成demand的委婉形式。require表示“要求”,含有“要求履行”的意思,多指根据纪律、法律、规则而提出的要求。order表示“命令”,是上级要求下级办到的事情,具有强制性。 三者结构上也有差别:demand不能用于requi
8、re/request sb. to do sth.结构。require doing=require to be done, 其中动名词的主动形式表示被动含义,意为“需要被”,而demand和request无此用法。 注意:当demand的主语是物时,意为“必须具备”。request是一种书面语,平时在口语中,尤其是在家庭成员和亲密朋友之间常用ask代替。 They demanded an immediate answer from Jack. 他们要求杰克立刻做出回答。,All that I request of you is that you should be early. 我所要求的只是
9、你应该早些来。 This job requires you to be very careful and quickthinking. 这项工作要求你们非常细心并且反应要快。 The officer ordered that the work (should) be started after dark. 军官下令天黑后开始工作。 5. narrow vi.变窄 vt. 使变窄;使缩小 adj.勉强的;狭窄的 He narrowed his eyes against the sun. 他对着太阳眯起了双眼。 The guide leads them through a narrow passa
10、ge deep into the earth. 导游带领他们通过一个狭小的隧道走进地球的深处。 No one likes to make friends with people with a narrow mind. 没有人喜欢与心胸狭窄的人交朋友。,narrow down 变窄;缩小;限制;减少 a narrow escape 九死一生 narrowly adv. 狭窄地;勉强地;好容易(才) The river has narrowed down over the past 20 years. 这条河在过去的二十年里变窄了许多。 The police have narrowed down
11、their list of suspects. 警方已经缩小了嫌疑犯的范围。 Tom had a narrow escape from drowning when he fell overboard. 汤姆从船上掉入水中,险些淹死。 6. view n. 风景,景色 vt. 观察;观看;看待;认为 He had a marvelous view of the mountain from her bedroom window. 他从她卧室的窗口看到了山上极美的景色。,Whats your view on school punishments? 你对学校的处罚有什么看法? Thousands of
12、 tourists came to view the gardens every year. 每年有成千上万的游客来参观这些花园。 Reading can open our view of seeing the outside world. 阅读可以开阔我们看外面的世界的视野。 We view the holiday as a time for recreation, but she has a different idea. 我们都认为假期是休闲放松的时间,但她有不同的见解。 常用结构: be on view陈列,展览 on a long/short view 从长远/目前看 give a
13、view of 大致介绍一下,使清楚 have/get a view of 看到 in view of 考虑到,鉴于 at first view 初看;一看(就),易混辨析 view/scene/scenery/sight view指在高处或远处以人的角度看到的scenery的一部分。 scene是一个普通名词,指一眼可以浏览到的风景,但多半包括其中的人物、动作和行为,不限于自然的风景。 scenery是集合名词,所指并非个别的风景,而是指该地区的整个风景。 sight指风景、名胜,常用复数形式,指人文景观。 7. trade vi. 做生意 vt. 交易,交换 n. U贸易 We conti
14、nue to trade and the market teaches us more and more about ourselves. 我们继续交易,市场会教导我们愈来愈多关于我们自身的问题。 Developing foreign trade is very important for our country. 发展外贸对我国很重要。 常用结构: trade in 做生意,trade with与做生意 trade .for . 用交换 trade on/upon(为达到利己目的而)利用,占便宜 Our company trades with many foreign companies.
15、我们公司和许多外国公司进行贸易。 If you could, would you please trade places with your sister? 如果你可以的话,能不能和你姐姐换个座位? 重点短语 8. go through 遭受,经受;仔细检查;通过;批准;浏览;翻阅;讨论;研究;审核 The countries have gone through too many wars. 这些国家饱经战火。 He formed the habit of going through morning papers after getting up. 他养成了起床后翻阅晨报的习惯。 Lets g
16、o through the arrangements for the party again. 我们再检查一遍聚会的安排事宜。,The parliament has gone through the new law. 新的法令已被议会通过。 Hes determined to go through with the marriage in spite of his parents opposition. 他不顾父母的反对,决心要完成这桩婚事。 联想拓展 go through with 完成某事,做完某事 go down 落下,沉没;下降,减弱 go for 抨击,攻击;应用/适用于 go in for 参加;喜欢 go on 继续 go by (时间)过去;消逝 go out 外出;熄灭;过时 go over 复习;仔细检查;核对 go with 伴随;与相配 go without 在缺少的情况下 勉强应付;没有也行 go ahead (给予许可)继续;干吧;说吧 go against 违背 9. at (