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1、Unit 6 A Great Young AthleteLESSON 31.A cup given as a prize作为奖品所给的一个杯子given as a prize 作定语，修饰 a cup,二者是被动关系。2.What is her wish? 辨析wish 和 hope 1)wish +宾+ to +动词原形，表示命令，hope无此用法I wish you to go. 我要你去。2)hope 后不能直接跟名词作宾语，可跟for+名词，表示可实现的“希望”，wish 虽也跟for +名词，但表示难实现“愿望”。I hope for success .我希望成功。 I wish f
2、or a car.我很想得到小汽车。3)hope 和 wish可跟that从句，但hope+ that表示希望。wish + that 表示“愿望”且从句动词用虚拟语气。I hope youll be better soon. 我希望你能早点好。I wish I were ten years younger. 我希望我能年轻十岁。4)wish 可跟双宾语。We wish you a happy New Year.我祝你新年快乐。5)hope / wish to do sth 希望去做某事I hope to be a teacher in the future. 我希望将来能成为一名教师6)两者
3、都可作名词3.Is the cake whole? 辨析whole和all 这两个词意思相近。但与限定词和名词连用时，他们的用词序各不相同。试比较：“all + 限定词 + 名词”“ 限定词 + whole + 名词”1)all 与 whole 都可以和单数名词连用。例如：Mary spent all the whole summer at home .玛丽整个夏天都是在家里度过的。也可以说成：Mary spent the whole summer at home。 all my life 我的一生= my whole life2)whole与all都可以和单数可数名词连用，但 whole更为
4、常见，例如：Mary wasted the whole lesson.(较 all the lesson 更常见) 玛丽把整整一堂课都浪费掉了。He ate the whole chicken. (较 all the chicken 更常见)他把整只鸡都吃掉了。3)all通常与不可数物质名词连用，而 whole 则不能 。例如： 正： Jane has drunk all the milk. 误： Jane has drunk the whole milk.珍妮喝光了所有的牛奶。You can easily spend a whole day there.(whole 多与可数名词连用)你可以
5、轻松地在那里呆上一整天。但有些抽象名词前可用whole。例如：Can you tell me the whole truth?（Can you tell me all the truth?）你能告诉全部事实真相吗？4）the whole of / all(of) 可放在专有名词，代词和限定词前。 例如：The whole of / All of London was under water . 整个伦敦都被水淹没。 4.impressive 词缀“ive”可放在一些动词后构成形容词，表示“与有关的，有性质（特性）的，有倾向的”。impress(v).impressive(adj.) compe
6、te(v).-competitive(adj.) prevent(v).-preventative (adj.) expense(n.)-expensive(adj.)5.prevent 及物动词，可直接带宾语，表示阻止，禁止做某事；prevent sb. from doing sth.=stop / keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事He prevents his son from playing fire. 他不让他儿子玩火6.expense n. 费用，支出；经费I dont think we can afford the expense.我认为我不能负担得
7、起这费用。He said the office expenses were too big.他说办公的花销太大。at the expense of 以作代价，牺牲He became an brilliant scholar, but only at the expense of his health. 他成为了一名卓越的学者，但却牺牲了健康。7.I think winning is fun, fun, fun! fun n.乐趣,玩笑,有趣的人或事物Youll sure to have fun at the party tonight.你在今晚的晚会上一定会玩的很开心。People make
8、fun of her because she always speaks foolishly.人们嘲笑她，因为她常说傻话。Swimming in the sea is great fun.在海里游泳很好玩。Im learning to cook, just for the fun of it.我正在学做饭，做着玩而已。funny adj. (funnier, funniest)滑稽的，有趣的。例如：The story was very funny .这个故事非常可笑。He closed his speech with a funny joke.他用一则有趣的笑话结束了演讲。8.Since th
9、en, Liu Xiang has won many races. since 作连词引导时间状语从句的用法。一、若since 引导状语从句的谓语动词是终止性的过去时，则从句表示的时间是“从动作开始的那一刻起”。如：He has studied very hard since he came to our school.自从她来到我们学校，他学习就非常努力。二、若since 引导的状语从句的谓语动词是持续性动词或表示状态的动词的过去时时，则从句表示的时间是“从那持续动作或状态结束时算起。”如： I havent head any noise since I slept. sleep 为持续性动
10、词，sleep 的动作结束时，即“醒来”时，这句应译为“我醒后还未听到任何声音”。How long is it since you lived in Shanghai?你离开（没住在）上海多久了？比较 ：He has written to me frequently since I was ill . 自从我病愈以来，他屡次给我写信。（从句谓语为状态动词）He has written to me frequently since I fell ill.自从我生病以来，他就屡次给我写信。（从句谓语为终止性动词）三、若 since 引导的状语从句的谓语为持续性动词的现在完成时，则表示动作和状态延续
11、到现在（说话时刻），其表示的时间的起点应从动作的发生时算起。如：I havent heard from him since he has lived there.这里has lived 表示动作的持续性，时间的起点应从：“开始居住” 时算起。因此此句可理解为“自从他（开始）住在那儿起，我就一直没收到他的来信。”试比较：1).Since Ive been at this school , we have had three headmasters.自从我来到这个学校已经换了三个校长了。Since I was at this school , we have had three headmaste
12、r.自从我来到这所学校，我们已经换了三个校长了。2).He has never been to see me since I have been ill. 自从我生病以来，他从未来看过我。He has never been to see me since I was ill. 自从我病愈以来，他从未来看过我。由此可见，since 引导的从句持续动词的一般过去时和现在完成时所表示的意思恰好相反。换言之，前者以肯定的语法形式反映着否定的逻辑内容，而后者的形式与内容是一致的。至于It is + 一段时间+since的句型与It has been +一段时间+since意思相同。前者是规范说法，后者是
13、口语说法。Its a long time since he studied English .他学英语很久了。辨析since和forsince 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度。也就是说for 接一个时间段，since+时间起点(具体过去时间,如:1999; last+时间; 一段时间+ ago;一般过去时从句).例如： I have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在这儿二十多年了。 I have lived here since I was born. 我从出生起就住在这儿了。 注意：并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现
14、在完成时。 I worked here for more than twenty years. （我现在已不在这里工作。） I have worked here for many years.（现在我仍在这里工作。） 注意：用句型转换的方法，很容易排除非延续动词在有for/since结构的完成时中的误用。 1）（对） Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now. 2）（错） Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now. 显然，第二句不对，它应改为 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married for six years.
