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1、2019年高考考纲解读动词是英语中最灵活、最难掌握的词类,它是构成句子的核心,是一个句子中不可缺少的成分。在考试大纲及考试说明中,动词占总词汇量的1/3以上,起着举足轻重的作用。动词和动词短语在历年高考题中所占比例最大,着重考查在不同的语境中对动词及动词短语的应用,以测试学生对基础知识的掌握程度。考纲要求考生在复习备考中主要掌握以下几个方面:动词的词义;动词搭配;及物动词和不及物动词的特殊用法;熟记高频动词构成的短语的用法(例如:break,bring,call,come,cut,give,go,get,hold,look,make,put,set,take,turn等)。【重点、难点剖析】一
2、、高考常考的几组动词词义辨析1injure,hurt,wound,destroyinjure一般指在意外事故中受伤hurt是表示“伤害”的一般用法,既可指对肉体的伤害,也可指对情感的伤害wound常指外伤,尤指在战争、战斗中造成的伤害destroy一般指彻底损坏,常译成“毁坏,损坏”I didnt want to hurt his feelings.我不想伤害他的感情。He was wounded in the battle.他在战斗中负过伤。2beat,hit,strike,defeat,winbeat表示“(尤指用棍或其他硬物)接连地打,击”,还可表示“打败,胜过”hit表示对准目标打一下
3、,强调击中strike表示突然性或一次性的击打defeat(beat)是指“击败,战胜”,宾语通常是人或集体win是“(在中)获胜”或“赢”的意思,宾语通常为war,match,game,prize,medal,respect,battle等名词Our team beat the American team by eight.我们队以超过美国队八分的成绩战胜了。She hit him out of anger.她生气地打了他一下。The tower was struck by lightning.该塔被闪电击中了。He defeated all the other participants a
4、nd won the prize.他击败了其他参赛者,获了奖。3adopt,attach,adapt,adjustadoptvt. 采取,采纳;收养,领养attachvt. 把附(在上);重视attach much importance to. 非常重视adaptvt. 适应;adapt oneself to 适应于adjustvt. 适应,调整;adjust oneself to 适应于This kind of desk can be adjusted to the height you need; besides, it is not expensive at all.这个桌子可以根据你需
5、要的高度而调整,而且一点也不贵。Recently, to maintain national balance, the Chinese government has adopted a policy of encouraging college graduates to take positions in rural areas.为了保持平衡,中国政府最近通过了一项鼓励大学毕业生去农村就业的政策。Parents attach much importance to education. They will do their best to give their children that pri
6、celess gift.父母亲都非常重视教育。他们会尽自己最大的努力给予孩子们无价的馈赠。二、高考常考的动词短语辨析1breakbreak away from. 脱离,奋力挣脱break down 出故障,累垮,分解break in 打断,插话,强行进入break into. 闯入,破门而入break out (战争、火灾等)突然发生,爆发break through 突围,冲破,突破break up 分解,分裂,拆散,碎开If you go on working like that, you will break down sooner or later.如果你继续像那样工作,迟早你会累垮的。
7、2bringbring about 引起,导致,使发生bring in 引进(技术),赚钱,带来(收入)bring up 抚养,培养,哺育bring down/up (the price) 使降低,减少,降价/提价比较:(prices) go down/up (价格)下降/上涨bring out 拿出,出版,生产,揭露,阐明,使表现出The government has taken measures to bring down the high prices of daily goods to keep the market stable.政府已经采取措施降低日用品价格以保持市场稳定。3cal
8、lcall at (someplace) 访问(某地),拜访(某地)比较:call on(sb.) 拜访(某人),访问(某人)call back 回电话call in 请来,召集call off 取消call on/upon 号召call up 给打电话,使人想起call for 提倡,号召,要求,需要,去接某人The scene of the children playing happily in the park called up memories of her childhood.孩子们在公园高兴玩耍的场景勾起了她对童年的回忆。4comecome about 发生,产生come acr
9、oss 偶然相遇come on 过来,跟我来,加油,来吧,赶快come out 露出,出来,出现,出版,发(芽),(花)开come up 被提出,上来,走近,上升,长出来come up with. 提出,想出(主意),找出(答案),赶上come into being 形成come into use 投入使用If you come across faults but you still want the bicycle, ask the shop assistant to reduce the price.如果你发现你想要买的这辆自行车有瑕疵,但是你仍想买这辆,就让服务员降价。 络游戏上的时间弥
10、补回来,男孩比之前学习更努力。11putput away 将某物收拾起来,存钱,储存put down 扑灭,镇压,记下put forward 提出,建议put off 延期,拖延put on (戏)上演,穿上,戴上put out 扑灭,熄灭,出版,生产put up 挂起,张贴,搭起,建立put up with 忍受,容忍Why do we have to put up with Susans selfish behavior? We have to teach her to care for others.为什么我们要忍受苏珊的自私行为?我们得教她关心别人。He decided that he
11、 would drive all the way home instead of putting up at a hotel for the night。他决定当晚直接开车回家,而不住旅馆。12setset about doing sth.set out to do sth. 着手/开始做某事set aside 留出,搁/放在一边set off 出发,启程,引起爆炸,激起,引起set out (for.) 动身去()set up 创立,设立,开办,竖起,支起The couple set aside some money every month for their future use even
12、 though their income can only make ends meet.这对夫妻每个月都存一些钱以备将来使用,尽管他们的收入只能使他们勉强维持生计。13taketake in 吸收,接纳,欺骗take on 呈现,雇用take over 继承,接管,接替take up 从事,开始,专注于,占去(时间、空间、地位等)take off (飞机)起飞,脱掉(衣帽/鞋),成名,成功,事业转机,生意起色Some insects take on the colour of their surroundings to protect themselves.有些昆虫为了自我保护会随着周围环境
13、改变自身颜色。14turnturn down 拒绝;调低turn in 上交turn out 结果是,证明是turn over 移交,交给turn up 出现;调高turn off 关掉turn on 打开turn away 走开turn to 求助于;翻到You look upset. Whats the matter?I had my proposal turned down again.你看上去很伤心,怎么了?我的建议再次被拒绝了。三、动词的熟词生义很多动词都有些平时考试中很少考到的用法,出题人往往在此处设陷阱。1address vt. 向发表演说;直接向说话(熟义:n.地址 v. 写地
14、址)It is said that our headmaster will address the meeting.据说我们的校长将在会议上发表演说。2act vi. 起作用(熟义:行动)It takes a couple of minutes for the drug to act.药物需要几分钟起作用。3drive v. 迫使某人(做不好的事)(熟义;驾驶)Hunger drove her to steal.饥饿迫使她偷窃。4escape v. 被忘掉;被忽视(熟义:v. 逃跑;逃脱)His name escapes me for the moment.此刻我忘记了他的名字。5fail v
15、. 不足,缺乏;忽略;衰退(熟义:失败,不及格)Our water supply failed.我们供水不足了。He never fails to write to his mother every month.他从来不忘记每月写信给他的母亲。6introduce v. 以开始(熟义:介绍,引进)He introduced his speech with a joke.他的演讲以一个笑话开始。7knock vt. 批评,说不好(熟义:敲,打)The critics knocked his latest play.评论家抨击了他最近的戏剧。8labour vi. 费力地行走,干苦活(熟义:劳动)They laboured through the thick forest and up the steep hill.他们艰难地穿行于茂密的森林,攀登于峻峭的山岭。9