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1、 Energy Efficiency in Industry of APEC Economies Survey of policies and programs to measure and promote energy efficiency APEC Energy Working Group Expert Group on Energy Efficiency and Conservation April 2010 Disclaimer While TheCIE endeavours to provide reliable analysis and believes the material
2、it presents is accurate, it will not be liable for any party acting on such information. EWG 05/2008 April 2010 Produced by Canberra Centre for International Economics Ground Floor, 11 Lancaster Place Majura Park Canberra ACT 2609 GPO Box 2203 Canberra ACT Australia 2601 Telephone +61 2 6245 7800 Fa
3、csimile +61 2 6245 7888 Email cieTheCIE.com.au Website www.TheCIE.com.au Sydney Centre for International Economics Suite 1, Level 16, 1 York Street Sydney NSW 2000 GPO Box 397 Sydney NSW Australia 2001 Telephone +61 2 9250 0800 Facsimile +61 2 9250 0888 Email ciesydTheCIE.com.au Website www.TheCIE.c
4、om.au For Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Secretariat 35 Heng Mui Keng Terrace Singapore 119616 Tel: (65) 68919 600 Fax: (65) 68919 690 Email: infoapec.org Website: www.apec.org 2010 APEC Secretariat APEC#210-RE-03.3 ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN INDUSTRY OF APEC ECONOMIES 3 www.TheCIE.com.au Contents Glos
5、sary 5 APEC Economy abbreviations 6 Executive summary 7 1 Introduction 9 2 Concepts and issues in defining energy efficiency 13 Measuring and tracking energy efficiency 15 3 A framework to assess policies and programs 19 Published frameworks 19 A framework to categorise policies 21 4 Survey of polic
6、ies and programs on industry energy efficiency in APEC economies 27 Approaches to promote energy efficiency 27 Benchmarking techniques 33 Outputs and evaluation of policies and programs on energy efficiency 36 Key points from the survey exercise 38 Appendices 41 A Survey template 43 B Policies and p
7、rograms to promote and measure energy efficiency in the industrial sector in APEC economies 48 References 79 4 ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN INDUSTRY OF APEC ECONOMIES www.TheCIE.com.au Boxes, charts and tables 1.1 APEC energy consumption by income levels 9 1.2 APEC energy consumption and population 10 1.3 A
8、PEC final energy demand by sector 10 1.4 APEC industrys share of final energy demand 11 2.1 At which point is energy efficiency measured? 14 3.1 Energy efficiency polices in APEC industrial sectors 22 3.2 Examples of financial instruments 24 4.1 Instruments for promoting and measuring energy efficie
9、ncy in the industrial sector of APEC economies 28 4.2 Policy types implemented in APEC economies to promote and measure energy efficiency 29 4.3 Policy instruments used: Agreements and education/information 31 4.4 Policy instruments used: Incentives policies and programs 32 4.5 Survey responses on b
10、enchmarking and successful case studies 34 B.1 Inventory programs and policies 49 ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN INDUSTRY OF APEC ECONOMIES 5 www.TheCIE.com.au Glossary Btu British thermal unit EEO Energy Efficiency Operations ESCO Energy service companies GHG Greenhouse Gas mtoe Million tonnes of oil equival
11、ent MMBtu Million British thermal units PJ Petajoule toe Tonnes of oil equivalent 6 ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN INDUSTRY OF APEC ECONOMIES www.TheCIE.com.au APEC Economy abbreviations AUS Australia BD Brunei Darussalam CDA Canada CHL Chile PRC Peoples Republic of China HKC Hong Kong, China INA Indonesia JP
12、N Japan ROK Republic of Korea MAS Malaysia MEX Mexico NZ New Zealand PNG Papua New Guinea PE Peru RP The Republic of the Philippines RUS Russia SIN Singapore CT Chinese Taipei THA Thailand US United States VN Viet Nam ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN INDUSTRY OF APEC ECONOMIES 7 www.TheCIE.com.au Executive summ
13、ary This study has been prepared for the Expert Group on Energy Efficiency and Conservation (EGEE ? providing incentives such as taxes/subsidies and trading schemes; and, ? providing education and information, either through campaigns, or minimum standards to improve knowledge and understanding. How
14、ever, some interesting points to note are:- ? most agreements are voluntary; ? developed economies tended to use more financial incentives and agreements than developing economies; ? developing economies tended to use education and information tools; and ? the policies and programs are orientated to
15、wards providing a carrot rather than using a stick to drive improved energy efficiency. Given the relatively recent implementation of many of these policies and program, the outputs and outcomes reported in the survey response focus upon participation in the program (eg application numbers, investme
16、nt leveraged) and potential energy savings. Where benchmarks have been used to measure progress, and data collected 1 With the exception of Brunei Darussalam and Papua New Guinea, for whom no contact details were provided. 8 ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN INDUSTRY OF APEC ECONOMIES www.TheCIE.com.au against these benchmarks, reporting shows that energy use has decreased, with a corresponding energy cost savings. This study shows APEC economies are very busy implementing policies and progra
