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1、社会文化阅读理解精练（2）社会文化（阅读理解）由 (2011安徽,D)改编Ireland has had a very difficult history.The problems started in the 16th century when English rulers tried to conquer (征服) Ireland.For hundreds of years,the Irish people fought against the English.Finally,in 1921,the British government was forced to give indepen
2、dence to the south of Ireland.The result is that today there are two “Irelands”.Northern Ireland,in the north,is part of the United Kingdom.The Republic of Ireland,in the south,is an independent country.In the 1840s the main crop,potatoes,was affected by disease and about 750,000 people died of hung
3、er.This,and a shortage (短缺) of work,forced many people to leave Ireland and live in the USA,the UK,Australia and Canada.As a result of these problems,the population fell from 8.2 million in 1841 to 6.6 million in 1851.For many years,the majority of Irish people earned their living as farmers.Today,m
4、any people still work on the land but more and more people are moving to the cities to work in factories and offices.Life in the cities is very different from life in the countryside,where things move at a quieter and slower pace.The Irish are famous for being warm-hearted and friendly.Oscar Wilde,a
5、 famous Irish writer,once said that the Irish were “the greatest talkers since the Greeks”.Since independence,Ireland has revived (复兴) its own culture of music,language,literature and singing.Different areas have different styles of old Irish songs which are sung without instruments.Other kinds of I
6、rish music use many different instruments such as the violin,whistles,etc.1.What does the author tell us in Paragraph 1?()A.How the Irish fought against the English.B.How Ireland gained independence.C.How English rulers tried to conquer Ireland.D.How two “Irelands” came into being.2.We learn from th
7、e text that in Ireland .A.food shortages in the 1840s led to a decline in populationB.people are moving to the cities for lack of work in the countrysideC.it is harder to make a living as a farmer than as a factory workerD.different kinds of old Irish songs are all sung with instruments3.The last pa
8、ragraph is mainly about .A.the Irish characterB.Irish cultureC.Irish musical instrumentsD.a famous Irish writer4.What can be the best title for the text?()A.Life in IrelandB.A Very Difficult HistoryC.Ireland,Past and PresentD.The Independence of Ireland语篇解读:本文为说明文,主要介绍了爱尔兰的历史、人口、生活、文化等内容。答案及剖析:1.D主旨
9、大意题。概括第一段可知,本段主要介绍了爱尔兰一段与众不同的历史,即在被英国统治了几百年后,北爱尔兰成为英国的一部分,而南爱尔兰则获得独立,成立了“爱尔兰共和国”。由此可以看出,本段主要介绍了“两个爱尔兰”是如何形成的。故答案为D项。2.A推理判断题。根据第二段首句提到,在19世纪40年代,爱尔兰的主要农作物土豆受到病害的影响,有大约750000人死于饥饿,且还讲到,食物缺乏是爱尔兰人移民的一个原因。由此可知,食物缺乏导致了人口减少。3.B主旨大意题。概括最后一段可知,本段主要介绍了爱尔兰的文化,故答案为B项。其余选项本段虽有所提及,但都属于本段的部分内容,无法概括本段大意,故可排除。4.C主旨
10、大意题。概括全文可知,本文主要从几个方面介绍了过去的爱尔兰和现在的爱尔兰。故答案为C项。其余选项都是本文的部分内容,A项是第三段的内容;B项是第一段的内容;D项也是第一段的内容。【长难句子分析】 如今,很多人仍然在田地里劳作,但是为了能在工厂和办公室工作,进城的人越来越多。本句中,but为并列连词,连接了两个句子。在第二个句子中,采用了现在进行时态,表示现阶段一直在进行的动作,不定式短语to work in factories and offices在句中作目的状语。阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。Why should mankind expl
11、ore space? Why should money, time and effort be spent exploring and researching something with so few apparent benefits? Why should resources be spent on space rather than on conditions and people on Earth? These are questions that, understandably, are very often asked.Perhaps the best answer lies i
12、n our genetic makeup(基因构成) as human beings. What drove our ancestors to move from the trees into the plains, and on into all possible areas and environments? The wider the spread of a species, the better its chance of survival. Perhaps the best reason for exploring space is this genetic tendency to
13、expand wherever possible.Nearly every successful civilization has explored, because by doing so, any dangers in surrounding areas can be identified and prepared for. Without knowledge, we may be completely destroyed by the danger. With knowledge, we can lessen its effects.Exploration also allows min
14、erals and other potential(潜在的) resources to be found.Even if we have no immediate need of them, they will perhaps be useful later. Resources may be more than physical possessions. Knowledge or techniques have been acquired through exploration. The techniques may have medical applications which can i
15、mprove the length or quality of our lives. We have already benefited from other spinoffs including improvements in earthquake prediction, in satellites for weather forecasting and in communications systems. Even nonstick pans and mirrored sunglasses are byproducts(副产品) of technological developments
16、in the space industry!While many resources are spent on what seems a small return, the exploration of space allows creative, brave and intelligent members of our species to focus on what may serve to save us. While space may hold many wonders and explanations of how the universe was formed or how it works, it also holds dangers. The danger exists, but knowledge can help human b
