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1、说明文(2014南京市、盐城市二模)Mark Twain said that “habit is habit, and not to be flung(扔) out the window by anyone, but coaxed(劝诱) downstairs a step at a time.” The chances of successfully changing negative behavior _1_ when you make gradual changes that give you time to _2_ negative patterns for positive ones
2、. On any given day, countless numbers of us get out of bed and_3_ to begin to change a given behavior “today”. Whether it be exercising more, drinking less, managing time_4_ or some other change in a negative behavior, we start out with high _5_. In a short time, however, a vast majority of people f
3、ail and are soon doing _6_ it was they thought they shouldnt be doing. After considerable research, some researchers believe that behavior changes usually do not _7_ if they start with the change itself. _8_， they believe that we must_9_ a series of “stages” to adequately prepare ourselves for that
4、_10_ change. Once you have analyzed all the factors that _11_ what you do, you must decide which behaviorchange technique will work best for you. According to the psychologist Albert Ellis, most _12_ problems and related behaviors arise from irrational(不理性的) statements that people make to_13_ when e
5、vents in their lives are different from what they would like them to be. For example, suppose after doing _14_ on an exam, you say to yourself，“I cant believe I failed that easy exam. Im so stupid.” By changing this irrational “catastrophic” selftalk into rational，_15_ statements about what is reall
6、y going on, you can increase the _16_ that positive behaviors will occur. Positive selftalk might be _17_ as follows: “I really didnt study enough for the exam. I just need to prepare for the next _18_.” Such selftalk will help you to recover quickly from_19_ and take positive steps to correct the s
7、ituation. Some other technique like purposefully _20_ or stopping negative thoughts and refusing to dwell on(沉湎于) negative images can also spare you wasted energy, time and emotional resources and move on to positive changes.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了“我们”自身养成的一些坏习惯不是一朝一夕就能改变的。想成功地改掉这些消极的行为就必须给“我们”一些时间用积极的行
8、为来替代消极的行为。1A.declineBremain Cdisappear Dimprove答案：D考查动词辨析。根据下文中的“when you make gradual changes that give you time to _2_ negative patterns for positive ones”可知，此处是指成功地改变消极行为的可能性会得到改善。improve意为“改善，提高”，符合语境。故选D项。decline意为“下降”；remain意为“仍然，保持”；disappear意为“消失”，均与语境不符。2A.substituteBcancel CfindDignore答案：A
9、考查动词辨析。由语境可知，此处指用一些积极的行为来替代一些消极的行为。固定短语：substitute sth.for sth.意为“用来替代”，符合语境。故选A项。cancel意为“取消”；find意为“找到，发现”；ignore意为“忽视”，均与语境不符。3A.refuse Bdetermine Chesitate Dadvocate答案：B考查动词辨析。根据下文中的“.we start out with high _5_. In a short time, however, a vast majority of people fail.”可知，每天无数人起床之后都下定决心从“今天”开始改变
10、一些行为。determine意为“下决心”，符合语境。故选B项。refuse意为“拒绝”；hesitate意为“犹豫”；advocate意为“提倡”，均与语境不符。4A.more Bbetter Cworse Dless答案：B考查副词辨析。根据上文中的“be exercising more，drinking less”(多锻炼，少喝酒)可知，此处指更好地安排时间。better意为“更好地”，符合语境。故选B项。more意为“更多”；worse意为“更糟糕”；less意为“更少”，均与语境不符。5A.values Brequirements Cexpectations Dlevels答案：C考
11、查名词辨析。根据下文可知，此处指我们带着高的期望值开始。expectation意为“期待”，符合语境。故选C项。value意为“价值”；requirement意为“要求”；level意为“水平”，均与语境不符。6A.whicheverBhoweverCwhereverDwhatever答案：D考查名词性从句。根据句子结构可知，空格处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作“was”的表语，且没有范围限制，所以使用whatever，意为“无论什么”。故选D项。whichever意为“无论哪个(些)”，有范围限制；however意为“无论怎样”；wherever意为“无论哪里”，均与语境不符。7A.succee
12、d Bfail CexistDfade答案：A考查动词辨析。根据下文可知，文中认为必须要经历一系列的阶段来为最终的改变做好充分准备，因此如果只是改变习惯本身是不会成功的。succeed意为“成功”，符合语境。故选A项。fail意为“失败”；exist意为“存在”；fade意为“凋谢，褪色”，均与语境不符。8A.Nevertheless BOtherwise CInstead DMoreover答案：C考查副词辨析。根据上文“改变习惯本身是不会成功的”和下文“我们必须要经历一系列的阶段为最终的改变做好充分准备”可知，此处是肯定后者否定前者，instead意为“相反”，符合语境。故选C项。neve
13、rtheless意为“然而”；otherwise意为“否则”；moreover意为“而且”，均与语境不符。9A.look throughBbreak throughCgo throughDpull through答案：C考查动词短语辨析。我们必须要经历一系列的阶段为最终的改变做好充分准备。go through意为“经历，通过”，符合语境。故选C项。look through意为“浏览，检查”；break through意为“突破”；pull through意为“渡过难关，恢复健康”，均与语境不符。10A.initial BtemporaryCinstant Deventual答案：D考查形容词辨
14、析。根据上文可知，如果我们要成功地改变这些坏的习惯，就要为最终的变化做好充分的准备。eventual意为“最后的”，符合语境。故选D项。initial意为“最初的”；temporary意为“临时的”；instant意为“立即的”，均与语境不符。11A.involve Binfluence Cexplain Dadjust答案：B考查动词辨析。句意为：一旦你已经分析出影响你行为的所有因素，你就必须决定出哪些改变行为的技巧会对你最起作用。influence意为“影响”，符合语境。故选B项。involve意为“包括，涉及”；explain意为“解释”；adjust意为“调整，适应”，均与语境不符。1
15、2A.emotionalBphysicalCtechnical Dprofessional答案：A考查形容词辨析。根据下文中的“related behaviors arise from irrational(不理性的)statements”可知，此处为情绪上的问题。emotional意为“情绪的”，符合语境。故选A项。physical意为“身体的，物质的”；technical意为“技术的”；professional意为“专业的”，均与语境不符。13A.allBothers Csomeone Dthemselves答案：D考查代词辨析。根据前面的主语“people”以及下文中的“in their lives”“whatthey would like.”和“you say to yourself”可知，此处用反身代词 themselves。故选D项。14A.poorlyBcarefully CcompletelyDslowly答案：A考查副词辨析。根据下文中的“.you say to yourself，I cant believe I failedthat easy exam.Im so stup
