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1、英语动词时态英语时态是英语语法中的第一首难关，攻下此难关是作文、阅读、口语之关键。汉语用不同词表达相应时态，而英语用同一词的不同变化形式表达时态。一、一般现在时：1. 构成：使用动词原形，第三人称单数须有变化。(1) 直接加 “s”，works, takes(2) 以辅音加 “y” 结尾，变 “y” 为 “i”, 再加 “es” ， carry carries(3) 以 “o, s, x, ch, sh”结尾的动词加“es” ， goes dresses watches brushes 2. 功能：(1) 表现在的事实、状态或动作：eg：. Birds fly. . She loves mus
2、ic. Marys parents get up very early.(2) 表习惯性动作或职业，常与 often, sometimes, usually, always, every week, seldom, occasionally, frequently 等时间副词连用。eg：. I always take a walk after supper. . She writes to me very often. . Tom and his girlfriend go out to take a picnic occasionally.(3) 表客观真理，格言警句或事实：. The ea
3、rth moves round the sun. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. Two and two makes four. No man but errs. 人非圣贤，熟能无过。(4) 表将来：. 在由 when, after, before, as, as soon as, although, because, if, even if, in case, till, until, unless, so long as, where, whatever, wherever 等引导的状语从句中用一般现在时表将来发生的动作。（黄
4、金重点，所有考试都不放过它！）例如： . Ill tell her when she comes tomorrow. . Even if it rains this afternoon, Ill meet you. . Whatever happens, you should keep cool-headed （头脑冷静的，沉着的）. . Ill be right here waiting for you wherever you go. . 按时间表示将要发生的动作或事件，用一般现在时表达将来时概念。 . The play begins at 6:30 this evening. . Whe
5、n does the plane take off? . He leaves for that city next week. . According to the timetable, the express train to Shanghai starts at nine in the morning. （按照时刻表，开往上海的特快列车早上7点出发。）测试精编：二、现在进行时： is/am/are +现在分词1. 表示现在正在进行的动作。如 . The kettle is boiling. Shall I make tea? . Dont you think you eat too muc
6、h? Youre putting on weight. (体重增加) . The workers are building a new bridge across the river.2. 表示现阶段正进行的动作。 . He is taking physics this semester. （本学期） . We are preparing for our final examination this week.3. go, come, leave, arrive, land, meet, die, start, return, join, etc. 用于进行时态时表示即将开始的动作。 . Lo
7、ok! The bus is coming. 看！车来了！ . The old man is seriously ill, and he is dying. . Alice is leaving for Beijing with her mother.4. 与 always, forever, continually, constantly 等副词连用，表示说话人带有感情色彩：赞赏或厌恶。 . He is always thinking of others.（他总是想着别人。） . The boy is continually making noises. （这男孩不断地发出吵闹声。） . T
8、he teacher is constantly (always) criticizing her for being late. （老师一直在批评她迟到。）5. 下面表示状态、感觉、情绪、精神活动的动词不可用于进行时。believe（相信），doubt（怀疑），see（看见），hear（听见），know（知道）understand（理解），belong（属于），think（认为），consider（认为），feel（觉得）look（看起来），seem（看上去），show（显示），mind（介意），have（有）sound （听起来），taste（尝起来），require（要求），posses
9、s（拥有），care（关心）like（喜欢），hate （讨厌），love（喜爱），detest（憎恨），desire（意欲）【简单记忆】： 永远不要说 Im believing或 He is seeing a house. 再简单一点说，这些动词后面不要随意加 ing. 可怕的是：我们在写作及口语中常犯此类大错！ 注意：have a party / think about 可以用进行时，因为这里have 意为“举行”；think 意为“考虑”。测试精编：三、一般过去时：定义动词的过去式：1. 表示过去某个特定时间或某一段时间发生的动作或情况。 . We visited the school
10、last spring. . I went to school by bike when I was in middle school. . China was founded in 1949.2. 表示时间或条件等的状语从句中代替过去将来时。（参） . She told me that she would not go with us if it rained the next day. . They would not lave until she came back. . My friend promised to marry me once she made her final dec
11、ision.3. 一般过去时，现在时和过去时的几组差异：Her brother was a chemist. （已去世）Her brother is a chemist. （尚健在） Thats all I had to say. （话已说完） Thats all I have to say. （言之未尽） It was so nice to see you. （离别时用） It is so nice to see you. （见面时用） Jane did a lot of work this morning. （已是当天下午或晚上） Jane has done a lot of work t
12、his morning. （仍是上午）本句现在完成时，此乃后话！四、过去进行时：were/was+现在分词1. 表示过去某一时刻或阶段正在发生的动作。 . I was playing chess at 8 yesterday evening. . When I arrived, they were watching TV. . They were doing housework this time last week.2. 用于条件状语从句中表示过去将来进行的动作。 . She told me to wake him up if she was sleeping. . I asked my f
13、riend to warn me about it as long as I was driving too fast.3. 过去某时将发生的事。 可参考 2(4) . They told me that they were leaving for New York. . He was going out when I arrived.五、现在完成时：have/has +过去分词1. 表示过去所发生的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果。常与 yet, just, before, recently, lately（最近），ever, never 等表时间的副词搭配使用。 He hasnt seen h
14、er lately. I havent finished the book yet.2. 表示一个从过去某个时间开始，延续到现在并可能持续下去的动作，常与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。如：so far （迄今为止），up till now（直到现在），since, for along time（很长时间），up to present（直到现在），in the past/in the last few years（在过去的几年里），these days（目前） . He has worked here for 15 years. . I have studied English since I c
15、ame here. . The foreigner has been away from China for a long time. . So far, I havent received a single letter from my brother.3. 某些非延续性动词（即：动作开始便终止的动词），在现在完成时中不能与表示一段时间状语搭配。I. 常见的非延续动词：die, arrive（到达），join（加入），leave（离开），go, refuse（拒绝），fail（失败），finish, buy, marry, divorce（离婚），awake（醒），borrow ，lend II. 这类动词并非不能用现在完成时，而是不能接常由for 引导的时间状语。III. 但若是用在否定句中，非延续动词的现在完成时可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。
