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1、II. Practical Writing,Its said that one of the two things that people are most afraid of is public speaking. Yet, the ability to make a wonderful speech is the one that most of the modern people dream of. Watch a movie clip and take notes of the key points of making a public speech.,WritingPractical
2、 Writing,Making Speech,Speech Making,Building up your confidence practice in front of a mirror use devices such as a tape recorder to improve your vocal technique practice in front of a small audience,WritingPractical Writing,Making a speech,use simple, direct words and sentences know exactly what y
3、ou want to say cut words wherever possible; be brief use everyday English, not jargon vary the length of your sentences use active verbs dont use passive voice dont use modifiers pay attention to the speed of your speech, speak clearly dont rush it dont mumble,WritingPractical Writing,1. Introductio
4、n Opening Agenda (topic, reasons they should trust you, how they benefit) Promise and/or Key Message,WritingPractical Writing,To begin with, you may tell a story, with humor, or use a snappy quote, or you may start by getting your readers attention by reading some startling statistics or by asking t
5、hought-provoking questions. The introduction should make up about 10 to 15 percent of the total speech.,WritingPractical Writing,2. The Body 2-5 main points. The most important points come first. Each point may include some/all of the following elements: Statement of your message Facts, statistics,
6、findings that support your message Illustration or personal story that supports your message Quick example Visual aid, game, quiz, poem, song, audience interaction Then repeat the point and apply it to the audience,WritingPractical Writing,3. Closing Elements to include (in no particular order): Sum
7、mary of main points Final summary story or special effects Thanks to everybody Repeating of the promise and/or key message,WritingPractical Writing,The end must be dramatic, conclusive and must leave a lasting impression on the listeners mind. You may use the same strategies that you used for the be
8、ginning. The conclusion should make up 5 to 10 percent.,WritingPractical Writing,Introduction: Good afternoon, everyone. My name is Im here today to talk about Signposting: First, Im going to talk about point 1, Then Ill move on to point 2, After that Ill look at point 3, And finally Ill finish my p
9、resentation with point 4, To start with later to finish up,WritingPractical Writing,Starting the presentation: Lets begin with point 1 Id like to start by First of all, Ill To start with Moving on to the next point: I would now like to look at point 2 Now lets move on to point 2 Thats all I have to
10、say about Weve looked at So much for,WritingPractical Writing,Developing a point: Furthermore? Where does that lead us? Lets consider this in more details What does this mean for? Translated into real term, Giving examples: For example/instance, A good example for this is As an illustration, To illu
11、strate this point,WritingPractical Writing,Conclusion: Id like to finish by saying To sum up, Lets remind ourselves of the main points. Lets summarize what weve looked at Finally, let me remind you of some of the issues weve covered. Ending the presentation: And that concludes my presentation. If yo
12、u have any question, please feel free to ask.,WritingPractical Writing,use body language to make the speech more vivid and clear keep eye contact with the audience dont panic if you forget a part, just start from the part you remember,WritingPractical Writing,Your Task,You got the first prize in a R
13、eading Contest, and are going to make a speech on the Awarding Ceremony. Now lets enjoy a movie clip and write your own speech.,WritingPractical Writing,Oscar 1,II. Practical Writing,WritingPractical Writing,Writing a Speech,1. Different Types of Speeches,persuasive informative demonstrative commemo
14、rative,The four main categories of speeches are:,1) Persuasive Speeches,WritingPractical Writing,Purpose: trying to influence the values, beliefs, attitudes, or behaviors of the listeners,Example: lawyer convincing the jury board or a politician seeking support from the electorate (选民) etc.,WritingP
15、ractical Writing,Purpose: trying to explain how things work or how to do something and to convince the audience of the value and usefulness of the information you are sharing with them,Example: classroom lecture of the teacher on any new subject, etc.,2) Informative Speeches,WritingPractical Writing
16、,3) Demonstrative Speeches,Purpose: trying to give the audience practical teaching of how to do something,Example: chefs teaching at the television cooking show, etc.,WritingPractical Writing,4) Commemorative Speeches,Purpose: trying to remind the listeners of an important person or event from the past,Example: The Gettysburg Address by Abraham Lincoln, etc.,WritingPractical Writing,Other speeches,Speeches deliv
