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1、英 译 汉一、题型分析 300字短文，3句话划线 15个分值二、评分标准 4个语言点（4分) 总体表达(1分)三、 翻译的要素 标准：忠实+通顺 方法技巧:正确理解，恰当表达四、英汉翻译技巧1词义的选择 2词义的引申 3词类的转换 4增词法 5减词法 6正义反译和反义正译 五、英汉翻译技巧7死译与活译 8否定的转移译法9分译法 1 词义的选择1.1 Seven months they spent up there killing themselves in the cane season, and then they came down here to live a little. 甘蔗收获季
2、节的七个月里， 他们在那里累死累活, 后来才到这儿歇息歇息。1.2And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training 许多人认为，普通人的思维活动根本无法与科学家的思维过程相比，认为这些思维过程必须经过某中专门训练才能把握。1.3 According to the new school of
3、 scientists, technology is an overlooked force in expanding the horizons of scientific knowledge. 新学派的科学家门认为, 技术 在扩大科学知识范围过程中是一种被忽视的力量。1.4 Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter we must be sure that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a “valid” or “f
4、air” comparison. 既然对智力的评估是比较而言的,那么我们必须确保,在对我们的对象进行比较时,我们所使用的尺度要能提供“有效的”和“公平的”比较。1.5 The parcel you post must be well packed. Inadequate packing can mean delay , damage or loss at your expense. 你邮寄的的包裹必须妥善保管。包装不妥会引起耽搁、损坏或丢失，而让你蒙受损失。1.6 She told me that her 18-year-old son was the baby. 她对我说她那18岁的儿子是子
5、女中最小的。2. 词义的引申 2.1 It is all well, again, to have a tiger in the tank, but to have one in the drivers seat is another matter altogether. 当然油箱里装满优质汽油倒是好事， 但是驾驶室里要是坐着横冲直撞的司机就完全是另外一回事了。 2.2 The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the huma
6、n mind 科学研究的方法不过是人类思维活动的必要表达方式。2.3 There will be televisions shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend. 届时，将会出现有机器人主持的电视谈话节目以及装有污染监控的汽车，一旦这些汽车排污超标违规，监控器就会使其停止。2.4 American popular music can be heard booming from trendy clothing boutiques, inside
7、 family restaurants, from car window, and through paper-thin walls of your hotel room. 在美国，无论是在时尚的服装精品店、家常菜馆还是从汽车的车窗以及隔音效果极差的旅馆房间，我们都能听到震耳的流行音乐。3 词类的转换 3.1 Until such time as mankind has the sense to lower its population to the point where the planet can provide a comfortable support for all, people
8、 will have to accept more “unnatural food”. 除非人类始终意识到要将人口减少到这样的程度： 使地球能为所有的人提供足够的饮食，否则将不得不接受更多的“人造食品”。3.2 Federally funded training and free back-to school programs for the laid-off workers are under way, but few experts believe they will be able to keep up with the pace of the new technology. 为失业工人
9、提供的有联邦政府资助的培训计划和免费重返校园的计划目前都在实施中， 但专家中几乎没有人认为这些计划能跟得上新技术的发展步伐。3.3 The terrorists responsible have no sense of humanity, of mercy, or of justice. 肇事的恐怖主义者丧失人性，不讲同情，不顾正义。3.4 For 20 years we were passive witnesses to the deterioration of prices of our raw materials and an excessive increase of the pric
10、es of manufactured goods. 我们二十年来坐视原材料价格下跌与工业品价格暴涨。4. 增词法 4.1 From agreement on this general goal, we have, unfortunately, in the past proceeded to disagreement on specific goals, and from there to total inaction. 遗憾的是， 过去我们在这个总的目标方面意见是一致的， 但涉及到各个具体目标时， 意见就不一致了， 因而也就根本没有采取什么行动。4.2 This will be partic
11、ularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high-energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields. 这种困境将是确定无疑的， 因为能源的匮乏使农业无法以高能消费这种美国耕作方式继续下去了，而这种耕作方式投入少数农民就可以获得高产。4.3 Through the United Nations, we are working together t
12、o control climate change, to make clean air and water available to everyone. 在联合国的领导下，我们共同努力抑制气候的变化，让所有人呼吸清新的空气，饮用纯净的水源。4.4 I cant wait to see the figure of medals soar in August , 2008, when Chineses largest team ever- compromising about 680 athletes will put on a fantastic show of skill, determina
13、tion and excellence. 我迫不及待地想看到奖牌数在2008年八月剧增，届时由680人组成的前所未有的特大规模代表团 将向世人展示自己精湛的技术，必胜的决心和过人的风采。4.5 Economically, the welfare state recognizes the fact that most persons in the modern economy are earning their livelihood as wage or salary earner. 经济上，福利社会承认现代经济社会中的大多数人们靠挣工资谋生。5. 减词法 5.1 But one basic d
14、ifference of opinion concerns the question of whether or not the city as such is to be preserved. 但是， 主要的意见分歧是，像目前这样的城市是否要保存下去。5.2 Behaviorists, in contrast, say that differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantage
15、s that whites enjoy. 相反, 行为主义者认为, 成绩差的原因是由于黑人往往被剥夺了白人在教育及其他环境方面所享有的许多有利条件。5.3 It is the uses to which television is put that determine its value to society. 电视对社会的价值取决于我们怎样去利用它。5.4Moreover, inaccurate or indefinite words may make it difficult for the listeners to understand the message which is being transmitted to him. 此外，措辞不准确与不确切还会使听话的人难以理解传递给他的信息。6. 正义反译和反义正译 6.1 But we must bear in mind that the great proportion of books, plays and films which come before the censor are very far fr
