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1、2007通过阅读学词汇6级主编：李寄副主编：居方编者：陆小兵 张子源 周莹 徐娟通过阅读学词汇最佳词汇记忆方略学习英语词汇的方法不尽相同。较为常见的方法是买上一本英语词汇手册从头至尾狂背一气。这种方法简便易行，为许多同学采纳。但实践和研究都无可辩驳地表明，这种看似事半功倍的词汇记忆方法死板机械，收效甚微。另外，按字母顺序记忆的单调乏味会挫伤英语学习的兴趣，长此以往甚至会造成对英语学习的心理障碍。另一种方法就是通过阅读学习词汇。在轻松阅读的同时，在上下文语境中，“死词”变成了“活词”。错落有致的词汇编排不再枯燥乏味，数以千计的单词也不再令人生畏。通过阅读学习词汇是最佳的词汇学习方略，这是语言教学
2、专家和心理专家的一致忠告。这本通过阅读学词汇就是先进的词汇记忆方略的具体体现。在编写中，我们注重了以下几点：美文欣赏，背句学词。一个单词脱离了实际使用的上下文语境，记牢会用是难以想象的。我们精心挑选了70篇优美短文，并配上了短文的汉语语境。将词汇（其中左上角加者为四级单词，加者为六级后单词）置于英汉双语语境中，读者在欣赏优美短文、背诵地道语句（在英语语境中用下划波浪线标出）的同时，可以牢牢地记住这些单词并学会如何运用。英汉语境并置是本书最大的特点，也是国内外同类图书中前所未有的。分块（chunking）或定量记忆。我们把2500多个词汇分成70课，使看似浩瀚的词海在心理上变少变易，使读者一步一
3、个脚印到达最终目标。注重重现率，强化记忆。据语言专家研究，一个单词重现510次学习者方能记牢。编者精心设计，将相当一部分单词置于不同英语语境中，并在汉语语境中作“单词回放”，增加重现率，以助学习者达到快速记忆和活用的效果，并将短期记忆转化为长期记忆。重点突破词汇，兼及阅读、翻译。本书所选单词多为六级核心常考词汇。并在词条后给出相应联想词、词组等供扩展记忆。我们还将所选短文译成汉语，并就其中要点、难点作注。所以本书亦是理想的六级阅读、翻译的辅导教材。与时俱进是千古不易的真理。始自2005年，四、六级考试的题型作了较大调整，考试更加侧重词汇、阅读和翻译。我们抓住这一契机，对本书作了全新的修订，使之
4、更贴近英语学习和测试。本书的全新修订版增加了如下版块：核心词汇预览。我们在每单元的10篇美文中精心挑选了近百个关键词，供读者在阅读美文、记忆单词前进行预览。如此安排不仅增加了核心词汇的重视率，而且有效地降低了读者阅读美文的难度，为读者使用本书降低了台阶。新题型练习。四、六级考试新题型设计的突出特点是通过短文考查学生的词汇、阅读、翻译水平。由此为出发点，我们设计了选词填空、完型填空和中译英三类题型的练习，希望读者在通过阅读学词汇的同时，辅之以通过练习学词汇。早在2000年，我们推出“通过阅读学词汇”这一词汇学习理念时，是忐忑不安、诚惶诚恐的，但读者和业界的反映出乎我们的意料。对此我们甚感欣慰，因
5、为广大读者因之受益是我们最大的追求。李寄于南京大学核心词汇预览1 Unit 1Unit 1核心词汇预览（Lesson 1 Lesson 10）breakthrough突破diversion转移stimulus 刺激 courtesy 有礼貌的举止（或言词）literacy 识字 irritate 使恼怒originate 起源于 brisk 轻快的incentive 鼓励 weary 疲劳的ambiguous 含糊不清的 deteriorate 恶化manipulate 操纵 blush 脸红perpetual 永久的 hypocrisy 伪善persistent 坚持不懈的 spectacl
6、e 壮观legislation 立法 exceptional 杰出的 accountable 负有责任的 impulse 冲动revenge 报复 blossom 开花momentum 动力 adverse 有害的intense 强烈的 enlighten 启发(a)esthetic 审美的 savage 野蛮的gleam 闪亮 inherit 继承serenity 平静 compulsory 强制性的denial 否认 juvenile 少年的vulgar 庸俗的 delinquency 失职 illuminate 启发 corpse 部队consensus 一致同意 mobility 流动
7、性graphic 生动的 drawback 缺点misery 苦难 intersection 交叉口 metropolitan 大都会的 bewilder 使迷惑sacred 神圣的 menace 威胁eloquent 口才流利的 simultaneous 同时发生的temper 脾气 pearl 珍珠 deprive 剥夺 enroll 入学captive 被俘虏的 formulate 构想出（计划）intricate 错综复杂的 imperative 紧急的monotonous 单调无聊的 cripple 跛子sensation 知觉 perfection 完美solitary 孤独的 i
8、nduce 引诱divine 天赐的 radiant 光芒四射的indignation 愤怒 flare （火焰）闪耀 suspension 中止 authority 权威patriotism 爱国主义 strive 努力compensate 补偿 epidemic 流行性的 Lesson 1 Elementary Schools in Early AmericaWhat accounts for the great outburst of major inventions in early America breakthroughs such as the telegraph, the st
9、eamboat and the weaving machine?Among the many shaping factors, I would single out the countrys excellent elementary schools; a labor force that welcomed the new technology; the practice of giving premiums to inventors; and above all the American genius for nonverbal,“spatial” thinking about things
10、technological.Why mention the elementary schools? Because thanks to these schools our early mechanics, especially in the New England and Middle Atlantic states, were generally literate and at home in arithmetic and in some aspects of geometry and trigonometry.Acute foreign observers related American
11、 adaptiveness and inventiveness to this educational advantage. As a member of a British commission visiting here in 1853 reported, “With a mind prepared by thorough school discipline, the American boy develops rapidly into the skilled workman.”A further stimulus to invention came from the “premium”
12、system, which preceded our patent system and for years ran parallel with it. This approach, originated abroad, offered inventors medals, cash prizes and other incentives.In the United States, multitudes of premiums for new devices were awarded at country fairs and at the industrial fairs in major ci
13、ties. Americans flocked to these fairs to admire the new machines and thus to renew their faith in the beneficence of technological advance.Given this optimistic approach to technological innovation, the American worker took readily to that special kind of nonverbal thinking required in mechanical t
14、echnology. As Eugene Ferguson has pointed out, “A technologist thinks about objects that cannot be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions; they are dealt with in his mind by a visual, nonverbal process. The designer and the inventor are able to assemble and manipulate in their minds devices that
15、 as yet do not exist.”This nonverbal “spatial” thinking can be just as creative as painting and writing. Robert Fulton once wrote, “The mechanic should sit down among levers, screws, wedges, wheels, etc., like a poet among the letters of the alphabet, considering them as an exhibition of his thoughts, in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea.”When all these shaping forces school
