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1、www.TopS大家网5 / 6专四填空常考结构1一、主句单一原则任何一个句子中只可能有一个主句。做题时考生需要首先判断原题中已经给出的句子结构，如果已经有一个主句，那么就绝对不能够再出现另一个主句，除非中间有连接词进行联系。例1：_, work songs often exhibit the song culture of a people in a fundamental form. (A) They occur where they are (B) Occuring where (C) Where they occur (D) Where do they occur分析：空格后面是一个主
2、句，(A)为带有从句的主句，空格后又是主句，有两个主句一定错。（C）为地点状语从句，正确(劳动歌曲发生的地方)。例2: _Indiana, is in a rich farming and dairy area, it is primarily a diversified industrial center (A) Fort Wayne (B) Although Fort Wayne (C) For wayne is in (D) Fort Wayne, in分析：空格后有两个谓语动词但中间没有连接词，由此可知，最后一句话是一个主句，空格处应该有从句引导词，四个选项中只有（B）中althoug
3、h能引导从句，故选（B）。专四填空常考结构2平行结构技巧：如果填空题中空格的后面有and, 或者and后面有空格，那么这道题目一定是考察平行结构。填空题中平行结构出现的形式是： A and B, A , B, and C例1：The technique of recording, classifying, and_is known as accounting. (A) an enterprises transactions summary (B) the summarizing of an enterprisestransactions (C) transactions of an enter
4、prise are summarized (D) summarizing the transactions of an enterprise分析：空格的后面是and, 一般考平行结构，空格处缺与前面recording、classifying并列的动名词。四个选项中只有（D）符合条件，故选（D）。例2：Louis T. Wright, a surgeon, developed ingenious orthopedic braces, _, and supervised the first use of Aureomycin on human patients. (A) treating skul
5、l fractures that he pioneered in (B) pioneered in treating skull fractures (C) which pioneered in treating skull fractures (D) he was a pioneer in the treatment of skull fractures分析：空格后面是and, 空格处缺少和developed、supervised平行的谓语动词，因此选择（B）。专四填空常考结构3宾语从句结构宾语从句的引导词在前面的主从复合句中已经提到。这里指出的是填空题中关于宾语从句考的最多的两个结构：st
6、ate(陈述，表明)+that indicate(指明,表明)+that例1：The quantum theory states _, such as light, is given off and absorbed in tiny definite units called quanta or photons. (A) energy that (B) that it is energy (C) it is energy (D) that energy分析：空格前的谓语动词states一般接关系连词that引导的宾语从句，故首先排除C。空格后已有谓语动词，空格不应再出现谓语动词，因此（D）正确
7、。例2：Studies of the gravity field of the Earth indicate_yield when unusual weight is placed on them. (A) although its crust and mantle (B) its crust and mantle to (C) that its crust and mantle (D) for its crust and mantle to分析：空格处显然缺谓语动词indicate的宾语。（A）和（D）不能作宾语，可首先排除。（B）使句子结构混乱、语义不清，因此选择（D），构成宾语从句。专四
8、填空常考结构4介词+ which结构许多同学在选择which还是介词+which上总是不太明白，这里有一个技巧可以告诉大家。“which”后面一定加一个缺主语或者宾语的句子，因为“which”在这个句子中作了宾语或者主语成分。 “介词+ which”后面则跟一个完整的句子，因为”介词+which”整个结构在定语从句中作状语。例1：In the United States, a primary election is a method _voters select the nominees for public office. (A) that (B)by which (C)is that (D
9、)by those分析：空格前后都是句子，因此缺从句引导词或连接词，首先排除C和D。A能够引导从句，但是根据题意，修饰method是不通的。B是介词+which, 引导定语从句，(大选是一种方法，根据这个方法，选民怎么.),因此（B）正确。例2: Croquet is a popular lawn game - players hit wooden balls through wire arches called wickers. (A) when (B) which (C) is when (D) in which分析：空格前后都是完整的句子，空格处缺定语从句引导词，由此首先排除（A）和（C
10、）。但是到底是选择B还是D，则看从句，从句是完整的句子，那么一定选择（D）, 关系代词which 前应该有介词。专四填空常考结构5in that结构在表示“原因”概念的引导词中，because of +名词，consequently是副词而“in that”是原因状语的引导词。例1：Mercury differs from other industrial metals _ it is a liquid. (A) whereas (B) in that (C) because of (D) consequently分析：空格前后都是完整的句子，空格处显然缺从句引导词。C、D不能引导从句，可以首
11、先排除。根据题意，两个句子之间是因果关系而不是对比关系，故选（B）。in that为复合连词，用来引导原因状语从句。例2：Hovercraft, or air-cushion vehicles, are unusual _travel over land and water on a layer of air. (A)they (B)in they (C)that they (D)in that they分析：空格处缺从句引导词和从句主语。A和B缺从句引导词，首先被排除。C一般作宾语从句或定语从句，而句中需要的是状语从句，故也排除。D中in that为连词，引导表原因的状语从句，符合题意（气垫
12、船之所以不同，是因为），故选（D）这里我们再重申一下，如果选项中出现“介词+which”或者“in that”，那么首先考虑这个选项，如果后面使用的是完整的句子结构，那么这个选项就一定是答案。这种题目平时出现的不多，但是要考的话一定就是重点。例3：Emily Dickinsons garden was a place_great inspiration for her poems. (A) that she drew (B) by drawing her (C) from which she drew (D) drawn from which分析：首先看选项C, “介词+which”, 而后面
13、是she drew great inspiration for her poems.是一个完整句子，那么选项（C）就是答案。专四填空常考结构6what 结构 what结构在95.8以后的新题中考的非常多，记住一点： what=the thing that例1：The chief foods eaten in any country depend largely on_best in its climate and soil. (A) it grows (B) what grows (C) does it grow (D) what does it grow分析：空格前有depend on这个短
14、语，四个选项都是句子，故可判断出空格处为宾语从句。A和C没有从句引导词，故排除，（D）的语序有问题，从句不能用特殊疑问句的倒装形式，故（B）正确。例2：During the eighteenth century, Little Turtle was chief of the Miami tribe whose territory became_is now Indiana and Ohio. (A) there (B) where (C) that (D) what分析：空格处缺的词既要引导从句又要作从句主语。四个选项中只有（D）符合条件。专四填空常考结构7同位语结构同位语考试形式一：名词作主
15、语，主语同位语_,_ _,_(注意是两个逗号)例1：The tongue , _, is an important aid in chewing and swallowing . (A) is the chief organ of taste (B) tasting the organ chiefly (C) the chief organ of taste (D) the organ chiefly tastes分析：空格处显然缺定语或同位语。句中已有谓语动词is, 故先排除A和D。（B）不合题意，故也可排除。（C）是名词短语，适合作主语的同位语，使句子完整，句意正确，故选（C）。同位语考试形式二：名词作主语，后面的名词是主语同位语，解释说明后面的名词_
