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1、How to manage people2004-6-9 UnderstandingTheoryXandTheoryYIn1960,DouglasMacGregorwroteabookcalledTheHumanSideofEnterprise,inwhichhedescribedtwodifferenttheoriesofemployeemotivation.Henoticedthatmanagersuseddifferentwaystogetthemostoutoftheirstaff.Somemanagerstreatedemployeesharshly,moreorlessforcin
2、gorscaringthemintoperformingtheirduties.Othermanagersusedpersuasionandrewardstomotivate.MacGregorclaimedthattheserepresentedtwodifferentviewsofhumanmotivation,whichhecalledTheoryX,andTheoryY.TheoryXTheoryXisbasedontheideathatpeopleworkonlybecausetheyhavenochoice.Theydoitbecausetheyneedthemoneyandthe
3、security.Workofferslittlerewardtomostpeople,otherthanthepayattheendofthemonth.TheoryXalsoclaimsthatpeople:-Willnormallytrytoavoidwork-Havelittleambition,anddonotliketotakeresponsibility-Wouldprefertofollowthantolead-Resistchange-ArenotparticularlycleverWithinTheoryX,amanagercantakeahardapproachoraso
4、ftapproach.Thehardapproachinvolvesthreats,punishments,pressure,andtightcontrol.Theproblemwithitisthatitcancreatehostilityandconfrontation.ThesoftapproachtoTheoryXismorepermissive.Managerstakelesscontroloveremployeesandhopethattheywillcooperatewhennecessary.Theproblemwiththisisthatcanleadtoincreasing
5、demandsforrewards,coupledwithdecreasingproductivity.Eitherway,MacGregorsuggestedthatTheoryXwasnotanoptimumwaytoapproachemployeemotivation.InsteadherecommendedTheoryY.TheoryYTheoryYisbasedontheideathatpeopleseekmorefromworkthanjustthemoney:self-esteem,theneedtobepurposefullyengagedinactivities,forexa
6、mple.Thepurposeofmanagementistoliberatethosepositiveinstinctsandusethemtowardsachievingthecompanysobjectives.TheoryYrestsontheideathat:-Theurgetoworkisasnaturalastheurgetoplayorrest.Peopledonotinherentlydislikework.-Externalcontrols,aswellasthreatsandpunishments,arenottheonlywaystomotivatebehavior-T
7、heaveragehumanbeing,undertherightcircumstances,learnsnotonlytoaccept,buttoseekoutresponsibility-CreativityandingenuityarecommonhumancharacteristicsWhichtheoryiscorrect?Boththeorieshavesometruthtothem.TheoryYismorelikelytoapplytoateamofprofessionalmanagersthanonafactoryfloor.TheoryYalsocreatesthepossibilityofgroupproblemsolving.Clearly,itisbettertogetpeopleonboard,togetthemtosupportthecompanyobjectives,thantocreateconfrontationalrelationshipswithstaff.However,thistakestimeandmanagementexpertise.Editon2004-10-22
