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1、,Strategies of Reading & Translation for Chinese Students By Prof. Zhang Dingzhou,I. Reading & translation indispensable skills for students of English 1. an important course for a student 2. an important requisite for an employee,Syllabus for TEM 8:,能运用汉译英的理论和技巧，翻译我国报刊杂志上的文章和一般文学作品。速度为每小时250 - 300个
2、汉字。译文必须忠实原意，语言通顺。流畅。 能运用英译汉的理论和技巧，翻译英美报刊杂志上的文章和文学原著。速度为每小时250 - 300个英文单词。译文必须忠实原意，语言通顺。流畅。 测试形式： 主观试题，考试时间60分钟。 From Chinese to English: 150个汉字的段落 From English to Chinese: 150个英文单词的段落,Challenges for students of English in reading & translation 1. Tom was not late for class because of his illness. 因为
3、生病,汤姆上课没有迟到。 2. My only capital is diligence. 我唯一的资本是勤奋。 Diligence my only means to success.,II. Difficulties for Chinese students in reading & translation 严复：“一名之立，旬月踟躇。” 理查兹：“翻译很可能是整个宇宙进化过程中迄今 为止最复杂的一种活动。” - 许渊冲：英汉、汉英翻译教程序言 , 1990,1. 两种不同的文字系统：,中文： parataxis,意合法 英文： hypotaxis,形合法,她弹钢琴，他吹笛子。,1) She
4、 plays the piano and he plays the flute. Both of them are musicians. 2) She plays the piano but he plays the flute. They play different musical instruments. 3) While she was playing the piano, he played the flute. They produced beautiful tunes. 4) After she played the piano, he played the flute. The
5、ir performances were a great treat to the guests.,Examples: 1) 瓜熟蒂落，水到渠成。 When a melon is ripe, it falls off its stem. When water flows, a channel is formed. 2) Everything is good when new, but friends when old. 物莫如新，友莫如故。 3) A woman without a man is like a fish without a bicycle. 没有男人的女人好似没有自行车的鱼。
6、女人用不着男人，就象鱼用不着自行车。,Examples: 4）Time goes fast for one who has a sense of beauty, when there are pretty children in a pool and a young Diana on the edge, to receive with wonder anything you can catch! 当你跟可爱的孩子们站在池子里，又有个年轻 的狄安娜在池边好奇地接受你捉上来的任何东 西时，如果你懂得什么叫美的话，时间是过得 很快的！（152）,Zeugma 共轭,1. The senator pi
7、cked up his hat and courage. 参议员捡起了帽子，同时鼓起了勇气。 2. While the Vietnam vet was fighting, and losing limb and mind, others stayed behind to pursue education and career. 越战老兵在浴血奋战时，即使不缺胳膊少腿也回沦为疯 子，而其他人这会儿却躲在他们后面求学深造，一展宏 图呢。,3. Friction can be considerably reduced and the life of the machine prolonged by
8、careful lubrication. 对机器仔细加以润滑，能大大减少摩擦，从而延长机器 的寿命。 4. A scientist constantly tried to defeat his hypotheses, his theories, and his conclusions 科学家会经常设法去否定自己的假设，推翻自己的理 论，放弃自己的结论。,5. The availability of venture capital financing to young, high technology companies has been a primary contributor to the
9、 dramatic revenue growth enjoyed by, and the increased competitiveness of, Americas high technology industry. 新兴高科技公司所获取的风险资本融资，对于美国高 科技产业收益率的大幅提高和竞争力的不断提升起到 了重大的作用。,6. The start-up program for the reactor must not be commenced before completion and formal acceptance of fire precautions and associat
10、ed installations by the competent authorities in question and by the insurers or their representatives. 在消防措施和相关设施完成并由有关当局及保险公司 或其代理人正式验收之前，不得开始反应堆程序。,2. 植根于不同文化土壤中的两种语言 1）Every dog has his day 2）月貌花容 with a face like the moon and a visage like a flower 3）His retort was delivered with a strong note
11、of vinegar. 他用非常不快的口气作了反驳。 4）Shall I compare thee to a summers day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate. (Shakespeare),Examples:,5) “The chancellor has been sentenced to death.” “Give a dog a bad name.” “首相被判死刑。” “欲加之罪，何患无词。” 6) 这个女人真是红眼病，连朋友长得好看都要嫉妒。 She is a green-eyed woman, even jealous of h
12、er friends good looks.,Examples:,7.旧历新年快来了。这是一年中的第一件大事。除了 那些负债过多的人以外，大家都热烈地欢迎这个佳 节的到来。 The traditional New Year Holiday was fast approaching, the first big event of the year, and everyone, except those who owed heavy debts which traditionally had to be paid off before the year was enthusiastically l
13、ooking forward to it.,3. 两种不同的思维方式和表现手法,）你来得不是时候。 You could have come at a better time. ） He cant see you quickly enough. 他想尽快和你见面。 3）Wed better let the sleeping dogs lie. 我们最好别去惹这个是非。,More examples:,4）The team was organized two years ago and it has yet to win a single game. 这个队两年前就成立了，到现在还没赢过一场球。 5
14、）A：你应该休息一下。 B: 我必须一口气把它做完。 A: You should take a break sometime. B: I have to do this in one sitting. (perspective),More examples:,6) I dont know her to speak to. 我和她只有点头之交。 7) A big elephant is not more an animal than a little cat is. 大象是动物，小猫也是动物。 8) He was not the eldest son of his father for noth
15、ing. 他不愧是他父亲的长子。（否定转移）,More examples:,9) A: You have a big nose. B: Look who is talking! A: 你的鼻子很大啊！ B：你不是也一样！ 10) A: Those students are terrible. B: Dont I know it! A: 那些学生真差啊。 B：一点都没错。 (Mode of thinking),11) The maxim was that when a married couple saw red lawyers saw green. 俗语说，夫妇吵得脸红耳赤之时，便是律师招财进
16、 宝之日。,III. Strategical consideration of Translation,Translation an early social activity in human history,1.册府元龟里的外臣部 朝贡： “夏后即位七 年，于夷来宾。少康即位三年， 方夷来宾。” （夏后即位：2197 B.C. 少康即位：2079 B.C.) 2. 安世高，东汉，148 A.D. 二十余年，佛经95部 3. 埃及国王托勒密二世邀72学者到亚历山大图书馆， 把圣经 旧约从希伯来语译成希腊语 (285 B.C. - 249 B.C.),中国列代的翻译理论： 玄奘：“既须求真，又须喻俗”（公元620年前后） 严复：“信、达、雅” (1853 - 1921) 鲁迅：“我是至今主张宁信而不顺的。” （给瞿秋白的信） 傅 雷: “传神”论：译文和原文在形式上和精神上 同时一致起来。 （ 1951） 钱钟书: “化境”说：原文的思想、感情、风格、神韵都 原原本本地化到译文的
