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1、Period Two ,Word power & Grammar and usage,Part Grammar 名词性从句,在句子中起名词作用的各种从句，统称为名词性从句。根据它们在句中所起的语法作用，这类从句分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。,语法精析,一、名词性从句的分类 1.主语从句 (1)主语从句在复合句中作主句的主语。引导主语从句的词有：连词that，whether；连接代词who，that，which；连接副词when，where，how，why等。其中that不作句子成分。 What he wants is a book.他想要的是一本书。 When we sha
2、ll have our sports meet is still a question. 我们什么时候开运动会还是个问题。 (2)主语从句可以直接放在句首，也可用it作形式主语，而将从句放在句末。常见的用it作形式主语的复合结构有： A.It is名词that从句 It is a fact(a shame，a pity，no wonder，good news.)that.,B.It is形容词that从句 It is necessary(strange，important，wonderful，possible，likely.)that. 这类主语从句中，谓语动词多数用(should)动词原形。
3、 C.It is过去分词that从句 It is said(reported，decided.)that. D.It不及物动词that从句 It seems(happened，doesnt matter，has turned out.)that. It is known to all that light travels in straight lines. 众所周知，光沿直线传播。,It is a pity that he should not attend the important meeting. 真是遗憾，他居然没来参加这个重要的会议。 It is likely that he wi
4、ll win the game. 他可能会赢得这场比赛。 注意：如果带主语从句的句子是疑问句式，则需用it作形式主语。 Is it true that he is the girls father? 他是那女孩的父亲是真的吗？,即时跟踪1 完成句子 1. is certain now. 足球赛将会推迟一事现在已经确定。 2. is still a question. 他是否会来仍然是个问题。 3. was very inspiring. 他在会上说的话非常鼓舞人心。 4. he will attend the meeting or not. 他是否会参加会议无关紧要。 5. the novel
5、 has been translated into many foreign languages. 据说这部小说已经被翻译成了多种外语。,答案,That the football match will be put off,Whether he will come or not,What he said at the meeting,It makes no difference whether,It is reported that,2.宾语从句 (1)宾语从句在复合句中起宾语的作用，可以作动词的宾语，也可以作介词的宾语，引导宾语从句的词有：连词that(不作句子成分)，if，whether；
6、连接代词who，whose，what，which；连接副词when，where，how，why等。 宾语从句跟在动词think，believe，suppose，expect等表示“想，认为”的动词后时，句子的否定体现在主句上；在believe，think，expect，say，suppose等动词后，可用so代替一个宾语从句，代指上文涉及的事。在hope，believe，be afraid等后，可用not代替一个否定意义的宾语从句。,I dont know where the post office is. 我不知道邮局在哪里。 Do you think it will snow? I hop
7、e so/not. 你看会下雪吗？ 但愿会/不会下。 宾语从句的时态： 当主句是现在或将来时态时，从句时态不受主句时态影响；当主句是过去时态时，从句时态、一般用表示过去的某种时态；当宾语从句叙述某一客观真理(事实)时，宾语从句的时态用一般现在时，不受主句时态的影响。,Do you know when the ancient games began? 你知道古代奥运会是什么时候开始的吗？ she explained (that) she had been ill. 她解释说她病了。 she said (that) her father is 28 years older than her. 她说
8、她父亲比她大28岁。 (2)如果宾语从句后面有宾语补足语，要使用形式宾语it，而将从句放到补足语后面；在think，believe，suppose，expect等动词之后的宾语从句中，如果从句谓语是否定含义，则从句不用否定形式，而将主句谓语动词think等变为否定形式；在think，believe，imagine，suppose，guess，hope等动词以及Im afraid后，可用so代替一个肯定的宾语从句，用not代替一个否定的宾语从句；宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序。,I thought it strange that he failed to call me. 我觉得奇怪，他没给我打电
9、话。 I dont think you are right. 我想你是不对的。 Do you believe it will clear up? I believe so. I dont believe so./I believe not. 你认为天气会转晴吗？ 我认为会这样。/我认为不会这样。,即时跟踪2 完成句子 1.The teacher told us that . 老师告诉我们汤姆已经离开去美国了。 2.The teacher said that . 老师说地球绕着太阳转。 3.I fit for the job. 我认为你不适合这项工作。 4.I they talk with th
10、eir mouths full of food. 我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话。,答案,Tom had left for America,the earth goes around the sun,dont think you are,hate it when,3.表语从句 表语从句在复合句中作句子的表语。引导表语从句的词有：连词that(不作句子成分)，whether，as if；连接代词who，what，which；连接副词when，where，how，why等。 The question is whether we should accept their invitation. 问题是我们是
11、否应该接受他们的邀请。 It looks as if it is going to rain.看起来天要下雨。 The reason for his absence was that he was ill. 他缺席的原因是他生病了。 This is why we put off the meeting. 这就是我们推迟会议的原因。,注意：如果主句的主语是idea，advice，suggestion，order，request，requirement等名词时，表语从句的谓语应用虚拟语气，即“(should)动词原形”的形式。 My suggestion is that one thousand
12、trees (should) be planted along the riverbank. 我的建议就是沿着河岸栽上1 000棵树。,即时跟踪3 完成句子 1.The fact is . 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。 2.Thats just .那正是我想要的。 3.Its just . 这仅仅是因为他不认识她。 4.The reason why he was late was this morning. 他迟到的原因是他今天早晨差一分钟而没有赶上那列火车。 5.This is . 这就是我们不同意的地方。,答案,that we have lost the game,what I want,
13、because he doesnt know her,that he missed the train by one minute,where we disagree,4.同位语从句 (1)同位语从句一般跟在某些名词(如fact，idea，news，promise等)的后面用以说明或解释前面的名词。引导同位语从句的词有：连词that(不作句子成分)，whether；连接代词who，whom，what，which；连接副词how，when，where等。 I had no idea that you were here.我不知道你曾在这儿。 The story goes that William
14、 Tell killed the tyrant with arrow. 传说威廉泰尔用箭射死了暴君。 (2)同位语从句与定语从句的辨析 从意义上讲：前者对名词加以补充说明；后者对名词进行修饰和限定。,从结构上讲：前者由连接词引导；后者由关系词引导。 从内涵上讲：前者所说明的名词与从句没有逻辑关系；后者所限定的名词是从句逻辑上的主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。 引导同位语从句的连接词不可省略；而引导定语从句的关系词作宾语时常可省略。 同位语从句说明的名词大都是抽象名词；而定语从句修饰、限定的名词则没有限制。常见的用于同位语从句的名词有news(消息)，fact(事实)，idea(主意)，thou
15、ght(想法)，hope(希望)，order(命令)等。,The news that they won the match is true. 他们比赛获胜的消息是真的。(同位语从句，news和从句没有逻辑关系) The news that you told us yesterday is true. 你昨天告诉我们的消息是真的。(定语从句，news是told的逻辑宾语) I have no idea when he will be back. 我不知道他什么时候回来。(when引导的同位语从句) I still remember the day when he came back. 我依然记得
16、他回来的那一天。(when引导的定语从句),即时跟踪4 翻译并判断下列句子是定语从句还是同位语从句 1.I received the message that he would come by plane. 2.I received the message (that) you sent me. 3.The suggestion (that) he put forward is to be discussed at the meeting. 4.The suggestion that we should import more equipment from abroad is to be discussed at the meeting.,答案,我收到了他将乘飞机来的消息。(同位语从句),我收到了你发给我的消息。(定语从句),他提出的建议将在会上讨论。(定语从句),我们应从国外引进更多的设备这一建议将在
