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1、句子成分与结构,英语的词性： 名词(nouns) n. 代词(pronoun) pron. 实词 数词(numeral) num. 形容词(adjective) adj. 或a. 副词(adverb) adv. 动词(verb) v 冠词(article) art 虚词 介词(preposition) prep. 连词(conjunction) conj. 助词(auxiliary) aux. 作文题目中，实词都大写，虚词要小写,一.英语句子的基本成分有8种：,主语 (subject)-s 谓语 (predicate)-v 宾语 (object)-o 定语 (attribute)-attrib
2、 状语 (adverbial)-adv 补语 (complement)-c 表语 (predicative)-p 同位语(Appositive),I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday., 主语, 谓 语, 定语, 宾 语, 同位语, 状 语,英语句子的类型,简单句 并列句 复合句,只有一个主谓结构,有两个或两个以上主谓结构,一个主句加一个或几个从句,简单句基本句型,谓语动词决定了一个句子的骨架结构 启示: (1）分析复杂句时，先找谓语。 （2）写句子时，要知道谓语动词的用法特点,二.五种简单基本句型,主语+谓语+宾语 主语+谓语+间
3、接宾语+直接宾语 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语,动词,系动词,不及物动词,及物动词,主语+系+表语,主语+谓语,系动词： 1) be， seem ，appear 2) look， sound ，taste， smell， feel 3) get， turn， become， 4) stay， remain， keep， continue,感官类,变化类,维持类,主+系+表,1) My uncle is a professor. 2) He looked tired. 3) The basketball match is on. 4) Our aim was to win more medals
4、. 5) His work is teaching French.,主+谓：S+V,谓语动词特特点： 不及物动词（本身意思完整，后面不需要宾语）,1. The sun rises. （rise-rose-risen 是vi，不能带O.） 2. We listened carefully. 3. The red sun rises in the east.,You should study hard.,2. She went home very late yesterday evening.,3. The meeting will last two hours.,4. Great changes
5、 have taken place in my hometown in the past ten years.,主语+谓语+宾语 （S. + V. + O. ） 该句型的谓语动词必须是vt或vt的动词词组；宾语必须是名词或相当于名词的成分。,注意：带 to do 做宾语的动词有： offer, learn, plan, ask, promise, help，decide, refuse, manage, hope, want, seem, expect, hope, offer, agree, refuse, learn, help, plan,注意：带 V-ing 做宾语的动词有： sugg
6、est， stop，enjoy， imagine，finish， practise, keep， mind， avoid，succeed in， be busy，be worth， give up， look forward to,I wrote a letter last night.,I want to talk with you this afternoon.,He has read this book many times.,They have carried out the plan successfully.,主语+谓语+双宾语 （S. + V. + O.+O. ） 请观察： 1）
7、He brings me cookies every day. 2）He brings cookies to me every day. 即要借助于介词to或for,常跟双宾语的动词有： （需借助to的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask,等。 （需借助for 的）buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare,等。,主谓宾宾补S+Vt.+O+
8、O.C 宾语与宾语补足语有逻辑的主谓关系，宾补是补充说明宾语的。可以用做宾补的有：名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词等。用 it 做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的句型结构方式。即：主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语。如： I found it very pleasant to be with your family.,根据所学知识，分析句子结构 1.They work hard. 主 + 谓 2.The flower is dead. 主 + 系 + 表 3.Plants need water. 主 + 谓 + 宾 4.He gives
9、me some seeds. 主 + 谓 + 直宾 + 间宾 5.We should keep the plants in the shade. 主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补 6.Many animals live in trees. 主 + 谓,7.He kept me a dictionary. 主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语 8.Shall I leave you the camera? 主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语 9. We find the book very interesting. 主+谓+宾+宾补 10.My uncle bought me an e-dictionary. 主+谓
10、+间接宾语+直宾 11.Singing makes me happy. 主+谓+宾+宾补 12.Daming calls his cat Mimi . 主+谓+宾+宾补 13.You must listen to her. 主+谓+宾 14.He is a scientist. 主+系+表,复合句主要包含以下类型从句，包括名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）；定语从句和状语从句等。 ： 1. 主语从句 2. 宾语从句 3. 表语从句 6. 同位语从句 4. 定语从句 5. 状语从句,Exercises 判断句型,1.Having finished his homework,
11、the boy went on to help his mother. 2. What he says doesnt suit what he does.,(简单句划线部分在句中作状语，修饰整个句子),(复合句包含两个名词性从句：What he says 是一个主语从句；what he does 是一个宾语从句),3. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon. 4. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom. 5. There is a chair in this room, isnt there?,简单句,复合句,简单句,9. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so. 10. What he said at the meeting is very important, isnt it? 11. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree. 12. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.,并列句,复合句,简单句,简单句,
