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1、外文资料翻译TurningThe engine lathe, one of the oldest metal removal machines, has a number of useful and highly desirable attributes. Today these lathes are used primarily in small shops where smaller quantities rather than large production runs are encountered.The engine lathe has been replaced in today
2、s production shops by a wide variety of automatic lathes such as automatic of single-point tooling for maximum metal removal, and the use of form tools for finish on a par with the fastest processing equipment on the scene today.Turret Lathes Production machining equipment must be evaluated now, mor
3、e than ever before, this criterion for establishing the production qualification of a specific method, the turret lathe merits a high rating. In designing for low quantities such as 100 or 200 parts, it is most economical to use the turret lathe. In achieving the optimum tolerances possible on the t
4、urrets lathe, the designer should strive for a minimum of operations.Automatic Screw Machines Generally, automatic screw machines fall into several categories; single-spindle automatics, multiple-spindle automatics and automatic chucking machines. Originally designed for rapid, automatic production
5、of screws and similar threaded parts, the automatic screw machine has long since exceeded the confines of this narrow field, and today plays a vital role in the mass production of a variety of precision parts. Quantities play an important part in the economy of the parts machined on the automatic sc
6、rew machine. Quantities less than on the automatic screw machine. The cost of the parts machined can be reduced if the minimum economical lot size is calculated and the proper machine is selected for these quantities.Automatic Tracer Lathes Since surface roughness depends greatly on material turned,
7、 tooling , and feeds and speeds employed, minimum tolerances that can be held on automatic tracer lathes are not necessarily the most economical tolerances.In some cases, tolerances of 0.05mm are held in continuous production using but one cut . groove width can be held to 0.125mm on some parts. Bor
8、es and single-point finishes can be held to 0.0125mm. On high-production runs where maximum output is desirable, a minimum tolerance of 0.125mm is economical on both diameter and length of turn.Trace lathes are machine tools with attachments that are capable of turning parts with various contours. a
9、lso called duplicating lathes or contouring lathes, the cutting tool follows a path that duplicates the contour of the template, similar to a pencil following the shape of a plastic template used in engineering drawing. a tracer finger follows the template and, through a hydraulic or electrical syst
10、em, guides the cutting tool along the workpiece without operator intervention. operations performed on a tracer lathe have been largely replaced by numerical-control lathes and turning centers lathes have been increasingly automated over the years . manual machine controls have been replaced by vari
11、ous mechanisms that enable cutting operations to follow a certain prescribed sequence . in a fully automatic machine ,parts are fed and removed automatically ,whereas in semiautomatic machines, these functions are performed by the operator Abstract: In contrast to the manufacturing enterprises which
12、 produce pump rod joints unceasingly developing and strengthening, the original mode of production shows a lower capacity, which leads to employees high-intensity work, costliness of manufacturing and some other new problems. Providing the specific problems which enterprises encounter in their actua
13、l production processes, the problems in the development of enterprises are effectively resolved. Therefore it is essential to introduce latest technologies. The turning fixture and the feeding device of the pump rod joint can be used to realize the automatic discharging. With engine lathes transform
14、ed into computerized numerical control and pneumatic tailstocks coordinating revolving centers to use, partial automation production of pump rod joints can be realized. The working principle of a pump rod joint is to place the joint hoop bar stock into the stock bin. When the magic hand moves to the
15、 material receiving, with the help of gravity action, the bar stock automatically fall to the magic hand. When the pneumatic cylinder drives the magic hand to move to the designated location of the turning fixture, with the live center of the pneumatic tailstock automatically sent, the bar stock wil
16、l be fixed between the apex of the lathe and the live center of the pneumatic tailstock. Then the magic hand automatically returns to the charging position with a single charging action completed, and prepares for the next charging. The results show that it is technically feasible to apply the turning fixture and the feeding device of the pump rod joint to the pump rod joint production. In the actual production process, one person can control many lathes to reali
