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1、Translation,Warm-up Activity Steps of Translation Approaches to Translation Review and Practice,Warm-up activity,1His irritation could not withstand the silent beauty of the night 译文：他的恼怒无法忍受夜晚宁静的美丽。 面对如此宁静的良辰美景，他的恼怒不禁烟消云散。,2He allowed the father to be over ruled by the judge， and declared his own s
2、on guilty 译文：他让法官战胜父亲而判决他儿子有罪。 他做法官的职责战胜了父子的私情而判决自己儿子有罪。 3Im only too glad to see you 译文：我只是太高兴而不能见你。 我很高兴见到你。,4We must insert a new fuse every time a fuse has functioned 译文：每当保险丝起作用后就得换上新的。 每当保险丝被烧断时，我们就得换上新的。,Steps of Translation,Comprehending Stage Expressing Stage Checking Stage,Comprehending St
3、age,理清句子结构 分析从句，分词，不定式等之间的关系 注意省略，倒装和插入语等语言现象,意译 （2）The electrical age has been with us for many years，and perhaps it will never completely disappear 电器时代和我们在一起已有很多年了，它也许永远不会完全消失。 我们进入电气时代已有很多年了，这个时代也许永远不会结束。,Checking Stage,（1）译文是否忠实于原文； （2）译文在人名、地名、日期、方位、数字等方面有无错漏； （3）修改译文中译错的或不妥的句子、词组和单词，尤其是对于一词多义
4、的关键性单词要反复推敲； （4）要留心英文时态变化的意义； （5）检查译文是否符合汉语表达习惯，必要时做适当调整； （6）标点符号要力求准确无误。,Approaches to Translation,分句法 合句法 顺序法 逆序法 反面表达法 正面表达法 英语无生命主语句子翻译 被动句的译法 定语从句的译法 词性的转化,分句法,1把原文中的一个单词译成句子，使原文的一个句子分译成两个或两个以上的句子。 （1）The mother might have spoken with understandable pride of her child 母亲在谈到她的孩子时，也许有自豪感，这是可以理解的。
5、（形容词）,（2）The night was chillyit was early NovemberA light drizzle added to my discomfort 夜里冷风飕飕，那是十一月初，天下起了毛毛细雨，令我倍加难受。（名词）,2把原文中一个短语译成句子，使原文的一个句子分译成两个或两个以上的句子。 （1）She sat with her hands cupping her chin， staring at a corner of the little kitchen 她坐在那儿双手托着下巴，睛睛凝视着小厨房的一角。（分词短语）,（2）I wrote four books
6、in the first three years，a record never touched before 我头三年写了四本书，打破了以往的记录。（名词短语）,3把原文的一个句子拆开，译成两个或两个以上的句子。 （1）His failure to observe the safety regulations resulted in an accident to the machinery 因为他没有遵守安全规则，机器出了故障。,（2）She had made several attempts to help them find other rental quarters without su
7、ccess 她已试了好几次，要帮他们另找一所出租的房子，结果并未成功。,Practice,1Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development. 行为主义的看法是，如果一个儿童在有许多刺激物的环境里长大而这些刺激物能够发展其做出适当反应的能
8、力，那么，这个儿童将会有更高的智力发展。,2The problem of possible genetic damage to human populations from radiation exposures， including those resulting from the fallout from testing of atomic weapons，has quite justifiably claimed much popular attention in recent years 人类由于面临辐射威胁，包括原子武器试验产生的放射性散落物所造成的辐射威胁在内，因此很可能遭到基因损
9、伤，这一问题近年来已经理所当然地引起了人们的广泛重视。,合句法,1把原文中两个或两个以上的简单句译成一个单句。 （1）He was very cleanHis mind was open 他为人单纯而坦率。 （2）The young man was very miserable. He had no money about him. All his savings had been stolen. 这个年轻人很惨, 已落到身无分文的地步, 因为他所有的积蓄被窃。,2把原文中的主从复合句译成一个单句。 （1）When I negotiate，I get nervous. When I get n
10、ervous，I eat 我在谈判时总是有些紧张。紧张时我就吃东西。 （2）When we praise the Chinese leadership and the people，we are not merely being polite 我们对中国领导人和中国人民的赞扬不仅仅是出于礼貌。,3把原文中的并列复合句译成一个单句。 （1）It was in mid-August，and the repair section operated under the blazing sun 八月中旬，修理组人员在骄阳下工作。 （2）The time was 10：30，and traffic on
11、the street was light 十点三十分的时候街上来往的车辆稀少了。,Practice,1）His father had a small business in the city of PisaThis city is in the north of Italy near the sea 他的父亲在意大利北部近海的比萨开小店。 2）It is necessary that he（should）speak 他必须发言。,3）The box broke open when it fell 箱子掉下来摔裂了。 4）The criminal broke away from the poli
12、cemen who were holding him 犯人从警察的手中逃脱了。 5）From Florence the river Arno ran down to Pisa，and then it reached the sea 阿诺河从佛罗伦萨流经比萨入海。 6)In 1844 Engels met Marx，and they became friends 1844年恩格斯与马克思相遇并成了朋友。,顺序法,1Even when we turn off the bedside lamp and are fast asleep，electricity is working for us，dri
13、ving our refrigerators，heating our water，or keeping our rooms air-conditioned 即使在我们关掉了床头灯甜甜地进入梦乡时，电仍在为我们工作：开动电冰箱，把水加热，或使室内空调机继续运转。,2It was a Saturday evening，when Tom was lying on the bench of the school listening to a blackbird and composing a lyric，then he saw the girls running among the trees，wit
14、h the red-cheeked Joe in swift pursuit 那是周六的傍晚，汤姆正躺在学校的长凳上，一面听画眉鸟唱歌，一面写一首抒情诗，忽然看见女孩子们在树林里奔跑，后面紧跟着那红脸的乔。,逆序法,1They remarked how he took a different seat from that which he usually occupied when he chose to attend worship 他往常做礼拜的时候，总坐在固定的座位上，可是那天他们发现他不坐在老地方。,2It is probably easier for teachers than fo
15、r students to appreciate the reasons why learning English seems to become increasingly difficult once the basic structures and patterns of the language have been understood 一旦了解英语的基本结构和句型，再往下学似乎就越来越难了，这其中的原因，也许教师比学生更容易理解。,反面表达法,所谓反面表达就是指在译文中使用包括“不”、“非”、“无”、“没（有）”、“未”、“否”等字的词语和句子来翻译英语中不包括“no”、“not”以及
16、否定前、后缀的词语和句子。 1动词或短语动词,1）We arrived late at the theater，and missed the first act of the play 我们到剧场太晚了，第一幕剧没看上。 2）We will live up to what our Party expects of us 我们决不辜负党对我们的期望。 3）He refrained from further words 他没有往下说。,此类动词和短语动词常见的还有：decline，deny， doubt，escape，exclude，fail，forbid，ignore，lack，neglect，overlook，refuse，reject，depriveof，keep from，preventfrom，protectfrom等。,2名词 1）Ignorance of the law is no excuse 不懂法律不能作为免罪的
