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1、九年级 (上册) Module 2,Unit 3 Language in use,英语句子有主动语态和被动语态之分。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，而被动语态则表示主语是动作的承受者。如果我们不知道或没必要指出谁是动作的执行者，或需要强调动作的承受者，就要用到被动语态。,被动语态,一、主动语态变被动语态的方法 【例句】我们每天打扫教室。 主动语态：We clean our classroom every day. 主语 谓语 宾语 被动语态：Our classroom is cleaned by us every day. 主语 谓语 宾语 【口诀】宾提前变主，主变介by宾，谓语“be + d
2、one”，状语不用变。,【说明】主动语态变被动语态一般分四步： 1. 将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语； 2. 将主动语态的谓语结构变为被动语态的谓语结构，即“be +动词的过去分词”； 3. 将主动语态中的主语放在介词by后，by短语通常位于被动谓语结构之后； 4. 主动语态中的时间、地点状语等在被动语态中不变。,二、一般现在时的被动语态的否定、疑问形式 一般现在时的被动语态的否定形式是在am, is, are后加not； 一般疑问句形式是将am, is, are提到句首；特殊疑问句形式是“疑问词+一般疑问句”结构。如： The desk is made by him. (肯定句) The
3、 desk is not made by him. (否定句) Is the desk made by him? (一般疑问句) What is the desk made of? (特殊疑问句),三、主动语态变被动语态时常见错误分析 主动语态变被动语态时，初学者常犯以下两种错误： 1. 误用人称代词 Jim often sees us. 【误】Us are often seen (by Jim). 【正】We are often seen (by Jim). 【析】如果主动语态句子的宾语是人称代词, 在变被动语态时要用其对应的主格形式。,2. 混淆主、被动谓语结构 Does he do a
4、lot of work every day? 【误】Does a lot of work done (by him) every day? 【正】Is a lot of work done (by him) every day? 【析】不要把主、被动谓语结构混在一起，尤其在否定句和疑问句中。,Work in pairs. Compare these sentences with the sentences in the grammar box. 1. Millions of people see Shakespeares plays every year. Shakespeares plays
5、 are seen by millions of people every year. 2. Today people think it is one of the greatest books in American literature. Today it is thought to be one of the greatest books in American literature.,3. Many people today still read Confucius works. Confucius works are still read by many people today.
6、4. People dont know Mark Twain as a great thinker. Mark Twain isnt known as a great thinker.,Now choose the correct form of the words in the box to complete the sentences.,Chinese people respect their parents. Parents are respected by Chinese people.,1. Tom _for fighting. 2. They _ Tom for fighting.
7、 3. Confucius thoughts _ people around the world. 4. People in the world _by Confucius thoughts. 5. Farmers _ rice in spring. 6. Rice _ in winter in the north.,is punished,punish,influence,are influenced,grow,isnt grown,Work in pairs. Ask and answer. which book / describe / in New standard magazine?
8、 The Adventures of Tom Sawyer Which book is described in New Standard magazine? The Adventures of Tom Sawyer.,1. what / happen/ Tom Sawyer? He has many exciting adventures. he / think / to be dead What happened to Tom Sawyer? He has many exciting adventures. He is thought to be dead. 2. who / punish
9、/ in the book? Injun Joe/ punish/ for/ bad behaviour Who is punished in the book?, Injun Joe is punished for bad behaviour. 3. what/ special / about the book? it/ believe/ to be one of the greatest American books What is special about the book? It is believed to be one of the greatest American books
10、.,Complete the conversation with the correct form of the words.,Tom: Why are popular books made (make) into films? Jerry: Oh, because the story (1) _ (already/ know) by lots of people , so the film versions will become popular as well . Tom: But why (2) _ the story sometimes _ (change) in the film v
11、ersion?,has already been known,is,changed,Jerry: Because films and books work differently. Some characters in the book are not included in the film version, but others (3) _ (give) more important roles they had in the book. Tom: Surely that doesnt happen in historical films?,are given,Jerry: Yes, it
12、 does, actually. Sometimes even the facts about history (4) _ (change). Tom: But how can historical facts be rewritten? Jerry: Because films do not intend to teach history, but rather, to tell a good story!,are changed,Complete the passage with the correct form of the words in the box.,Films of Shak
13、espeares plays are still (1)_ today because young people like to read the plays but often (2)_ to see them in the cinema .,popular,prefer,His stories are exciting and the (3) _ are meaningful. We see what the (4)_ do and what (5) _ them. For example, kings (6)_ by bad men, girls and boys (7) _ for l
14、ove; and bad people (8) _ for their bad behaviour.,themes,heroes,influences,are killed,die,are punished,Listen and check ( ) the statements that Betty and Daming agree with.,Complete the conversation with the correct form of the phrases in the box.,Tony: Hello, Daming. Youre spending a lot of time i
15、n the library today. Whats up?,Daming: Hello, Tony. Im (1) _ my article for New Standard. The title is “my favourite book”, but I cant decide what to write about. Tony: Well, whats your favourite book? Daming: I havent got one (2) _, I dont really enjoy reading.,thinking about,In fact,Tony: I see, well. that makes it (3)_ difficult. Can you write about something else, a film, (4)_? Daming: I dont think so. I promised Betty that Id write about my favourite book. Tony: (5) _,a bit,for example,As far as,I can see, Betty will be pleased if you write an
