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1、Scotlands Food System at a Crossroads,David Atkinson Food and Drink Leadership Forum & ACTS Rural Committee,Food Sovereignty: What is It?,Food at the heart of Policy A clear view of where our food will come from now and in the future i.e. Climate change type issues are embedded, leading to food secu
2、rity. An appropriate infrastructure which makes food accessible and affordable to all. It does NOT require all food to be home produced or a production and distribution network under state control,Chatham House Pressures,Population: Increase demand from a rapidly rising world population Diet: The ef
3、fect of “nutrition translation.” Energy: Energy dependence of current systems. Land: The potential to increase the amount of land available to agriculture is limited Water: Increase in global stresses on available water. Climate Change: Predicted that world agricultural GDP output will decline by 16
4、% by 2020. Labour: a decreased rural population able to produce primary produce.,Chatham House Predictions,The absolute level of food production worldwide is rising. Despite this, food prices have been rising Although absolute food production is rising, world population growth is outstripping the in
5、crease. Measured in terms of days of consumption, world grain stocks have now fallen to half the levels of the mid-1980s In the short run food prices may well fall or be volatile, but the underlying supply shortfall must be confronted Systemic change will eventually be necessary,The Importance of Sc
6、ottish Food production,Food prices have been affected by government actions for most of recent history The gap between increasing world production and world population growth is decreasing An approach to the proportion of our food which we produce based only on economic factors would be unwise The a
7、im of producing approaching two thirds of our food from our own resources would seem to be prudent,Climate change and Food security,The impact of agriculture on GHG production The impact of land management The effects of our choice of agricultural types Options for changing resource use and external
8、ities Home verses overseas production Impact on the post farm gate equation,Ruminant Animals,Methane,Grassland,CO2,Soil Carbon Storage,Food,Nitrous Oxide,Carbon containing inputs,Fertiliser,CO2,CO2,Scottish Dietary Targets,Meeting dietary targets by home production,Are Genetically Modified Crops the
9、 Solution to Current Food Security Problems?,GM Crop Performance,The performance of GM crops has varied greatly between farms , farmers, crop varieties, regions, seasons. Institutional factors have a major impact Poor farmers have generally not done well from GM It isnt the silver bullet some hoped
10、for.,Some disadvantages of Climate Change genes,Pleiotropy: The ability of a single gene to cause unintended physiological changes throughout the plant which resulting impact on yield and quality. The yield losses of bad years are experienced in all years Many of the gene patent applications cover a
11、 wide range of crops e.g. BASF ( US 7,161,063 environmental stresses in 32 crops,“ The biological fixation of N2 is accompanied by the energetically wasteful reduction of protons to H2 this represents a wasting of at least 25% of photosynthesis which is used for the fixation process” Minchin, Gordon
12、 and Witty (1996),Share of UK household expenditure spent on food and non-alcoholic beverages 2005/2006,The Contribution of the Supermarkets,The supermarkets currently dominate the food supply market and so are key players in any attempt to reduce the price of food or to maintain it in periods of ma
13、rket failure. They also have a pivotal role in any approach to promoting of healthy eating. More affluent and better educated groups are more likely to use multiple supermarkets and less affluent groups more likely to use discount supermarkets,Significant Tensions,The proportion of the food consumed
14、 in Scotland which should be produced from our own resources. The amount of our land area which should be devoted to food production The methods which should be employed for food production The potential for the expansion of organic production Whether genetic modification has any role in the food we produce or import. The appropriate level of control exercised by the Supermarket sector. The future development of electronic food marketing relative to the maintenance of convenience food stores,
