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1、W. Shakespeare 威廉莎士比亚,dramatist, man of theatre, and poet,He was born on April 23 1564 and died on April 23 1616.,Life Story,His birthday is traditionally celebrated on April 23, which is the date of his death.,William Shakespeare(1564-1616),Birth place: Stratford-upon-Avon Family: father, rich merc
2、hant; 18, married Career: 22, left to London; actor, playwright in a leading playing companyLord Chamberlaines Men,Life,Baptized on April 26, 1564, Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire, England,Shakespeares Birthplace,Stratford-upon-Avon,Comments by his Contemporaries,1.Edmond Spenser, Robert Greene Th
3、e rise and success of “an upstart crow” 2. Francis Meres: one of the leading figures of the time and “the most excellent” in both comedy and tragedy,Comments by the Contemporaries,A handsome, well-shaped man, very good company（同伴，朋友）, and of a very ready（敏捷的） and pleasant smooth（平和的） wit（大智） The “ge
4、ntle（文雅的） Shakespeare”, “gentle Will”,Ben Jonsons Comments,“He was not of an age, but for all time!”,Position and achievements,The most influential writer in all of English literature, the worlds pre-eminent dramatist. The three sources of English literature: the Bible, Greek and Roman Myths, Shakes
5、peare. “He was not of an age, but for all time” Ben Johnson,The Great Comedies,“A Midsummer Nights Dream” 仲夏夜之梦 “The Merchant of Venice” “As You Like It” 皆大欢喜 “Twelfth Night”,The great tragedies,“Hamlet” “Othello” “King Lear” “Macbeth”,A Chronological List of Shakespeares Plays （the first）,The first
6、 period of early apprenticeship: 1) Henry VI, Part I, II, III亨利六世上、中、下 2) Richard III 里查德三世 3) The Comedy of Errors 错误的喜剧 错中错 4) Titus Andronicus 泰特斯安庄尼克斯,A Chronological List of Shakespeares Plays (the first),5) The Taming of the Shrew 驯悍妇 6) The Two Gentlemen of Verona 维洛那二绅士 7) Loves Labors Lost
7、爱的徒劳 空爱一场 8) Romeo and Juliet 罗密欧与朱丽叶,A Chronological List of Shakespeares Plays (the 2nd),2. the second period of rapid growth and maturity: 1) Richard II 里查德二世 2) A Midsummer Nights Dream 仲夏夜之梦 3) King John 约翰王 4) The Merchant of Venice 威尼斯商人,A Chronological List of Shakespeares Plays (the 2nd),5)
8、 Henry IV, Part I; Henry IV, Part II亨利四世 6) Much Ado about Nothing无事自扰 无事生非 7) Henry V亨利五世 8) The Merry Wives of Windsor 温莎的风流女人,A Chronological List of Shakespeares Plays (the 2nd),9) Julius Caesar 凯撒大帝 10) As You Like It 如愿 皆大欢喜 11) Twelfth Night 第十二夜,3. the third period of Gloom and Sadness: 1) H
9、amlet哈姆雷特 2) Troilus and Cressida 特洛埃勒斯与克莱西达 3) Alls Well That Ends Well 终成眷属 4) Measure for Measure 恶有恶报 一报还一报 5) Othello 奥塞罗,A Chronological List of Shakespeares Plays (the third),6) King Lear李尔王 7) Macbeth麦克白麦克佩斯 8) Antony and Cleopatra 安东尼与克莉奥佩特拉 9) Coriolanus 科利奥兰纳斯 10) Timon of Athens 雅典的泰蒙,A
10、Chronological List of Shakespeares Plays (the 4th),4. the fourth period of calm after storm: 1) Pericles波里克利斯 2) Cymbeline辛柏林 3) The Winters Tales冬天的故事 4) The Tempest暴风雨 5) Henry VIII亨利八世,Four periods of Shakespeares Dramatic Composition,The first period of early : Experiments in a number of dramati
11、c form:,1. The historical play,2. Varieties of comedy,3. The revenge tragedy,4. The romantic tragedy,5. Narrative poems,Venus and Adonis 维纳斯和阿道尼斯 2. The Rape of Lucrece 露克丽丝受辱记,apprenticeship,historical play: Henry VI (Part I, II, III) Richard III varieties of comedy: “The Comedy of Errors” “The Tam
12、ing of the Shrew” “The Two Gentlemen of Verona” “Loves Labors Lost” The revenge tragedy: “Titus Andronicus” The romantic tragedy: “Romeo and Juliet” Two narrative poems:,Earliest successful tragedy: Romeo and Juliet,Two families in Verona: bitter enmity 仇恨 the Capulets and the Montagues,a feastRomeo
13、lovesecret marriage killbanishment(流放) marry Paris, a young noblemansleeping potion profound sleeppoison, diestab with dagger,Though a tragedy, there is no tinge (hint) of pessimism in the play. It is a song of youth and true love.,The Second Period of Rapid Growth and Maturity (15941600 ),A period
14、of great comedies and mature historical plays: 6 comedies, 5 historical plays, a Roman tragedy, and some sonnets.,6 comedies: “A Midsummer Nights Dream” “The Merchant of Venice” “The Merry Wives of Windsor” “Much Ado about Nothing” “As You Like It” “Twelfth Night” 5 historical plays: “Richard II” “H
15、enry IV, Part II” “Henry IV, Part I” “Henry V” “King John” 1 Roman tragedy: “Julius Caesar”,great tragedies and dark comedies: 5 tragedies: “Hamlet” “Othello” “King Lear” “Macbeth” “Timon of Athens” 3 comedies: “Troilus and Cressida” “Alls Well That Ends Well” “Measure for Measure” 2 Roman tragedies: “Antony and Cleopatra” “Coriolanus”,The Third Period of Gloom and Sadness (16011607),Fourth Period of Romantic Drama,Four romances or “reconciliation plays” (和谐剧) “Pericles” “Cymbeline” “The Winters Tale” “The Tempest” and one historical play “Henry VIII”,
