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1、 广州市某社区高血压患病率及影响因素研究目 录封面目 录2摘 要1英文摘要2前 言31.对象与方法41.1研究对象41.2研究方法42.结果与分析72.1高血压患病率72.2各种影响因素与高血压相关性132.3logistic回归分析163.结论184.讨论18参考文献20致 谢21诚信声明2227 摘 要从1911年Frank提出原发性高血压(essential hypertension，EH)这一概念以来，原发性高血压现已成为危害人民群众健康的最常见疾病，是全球范围内最大的公共卫生题。原发性高血压是以血压升高为主要临床表现的综合征，无论在发达国家还是发展中国家都是一种常见病，是多种心、脑血
2、管疾病的重要病因和危险因素。目前，50心血管疾病的病因是高血压，而高血压在全球疾病负担中所占比率已达4.5。现在估计全世界成人中有高血压患者9.72亿,到2025年这一数字将增加到15.6亿。我国共进行了三次全国范围内年龄15岁及以上人群的高血压抽样调查，19581959年高血压患病率为5.11；1979-1980年患病率为7.73;1991年患病率为11.26，呈逐渐上升的趋势。目的 了解广州市某社区居民高血压的患病率与相关影响因素，为有针对性地制定社区人群高血压的预防和控制策略提供科学依据。方法采用分阶段系统抽样的方法，在随机抽取的8个居委会中，每个居委会随机抽取100户，最后共抽取800
3、个居民户,总抽样比例为6.40%（800/12506）；对抽中的样本家庭中实际居住的全部成员（即居住并生活在一起的家庭成员和其他人；如单身居住生活的，也作为一个住户家庭）进行调查，并对获得的相关的信息进行统计分析。结果2151调查对象中共有高血压患者391人，该社区15岁以上居民高血压粗患病率为18.18%，其中男性患病率为16.62%，女性患病率为19.58%，男女差别没有统计学意义（X2=3.157,P=0.472,P0.05）。 高血压患病率随年龄的增加而上升，年龄组间高血压患病率有统计学差异（X2=510.24，P=0.000）。单因素logistic回归分析结果显示，除性别、吸烟、饮
4、酒、口味咸淡与高血压患病率无关外（P0.209）外，其他因素包括其他慢性疾病、文化程度、体质指数和年龄都与高血压患病率有关（P=0.000）。结论该社区居民高血压患病率为18.18%，略低于全国高血压患病率，但与相关研究中显示的广州市居民高血压患病率17.2%10高出近一个百分点。提示在高血压防治工作中，我们应该充分利用社区资源，广泛开展健康教育，提高高血压的治疗率和控制率，改善高血压的预防和治疗状况。关键词 ： 高血压 社区 患病率 影响因素英文摘要ABSTRACTSince Frank had gave the definition of essential hypertension in
5、 1911, hypertension had been the most familiar disease to harm the peoples health also had been the global biggest public health problem. At present Essential hypertension is a clinical syndrome characterized mainly with the elevation of blood pressure. It is a common disease both in developed and d
6、eveloping countries. It is also all important cause and risk factor for various cardiovascular diseases.50 cardiovascular diseases (CVD) were caused by hypertension. The ratio of hypertension in currently global disease burden was 4.5%. It was estimated that there were 972 million hypertension patie
7、nts in the world now. The number would be 1.56 billion in 2025. Our country had carried on nationalwide sampled survey on hypertension in over 15 years old people for three times, the prevalence rates of hypertension for 1958-1959,1979-1980 and 1991 were 5.11%,7.73%, and 11.26%,respectively. These d
8、ata indicated a significant increasing prevalence trend of hypertension in Chain. Objective: In order to describe and analyze the influencing factors of hypertension，the status of hypertension prevalence，awareness，treatment and control in a community. Eventually, we provided the strategy and measure
9、ment to prevent and control hypertension of rural inhabitantsMethods: To use stages-systematic sampling method, in 8 random roads with 100 random families which all has 800 families. The sampling rate is 6.40%. Research all the samples and use the statistics methods to analysis the data. Results： Of
10、 2151subjects in this study，391were diagnosed as the patients of hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension in this community was 18.18%.The male prevalence of that was 16.62%,and The female prevalence of that was 19.58%.It was not different Statistically between male and female prevalence of hype
11、rtension (X2=3.157,P=0.472,P0.05)The prevalence of hypertension increased with age increasing. There were 4 factors that had statistical significance after single variant analysisThey were other chronic diseases，education level，BMI and age. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that 3 fact
12、ors were significantly associated with hypertension，age and BMI significantly increased the risk of hypertensionConclusion：The prevalence of hypertension in this community was 18.18%.It slightly lower than the national prevalence of hypertension(18.8) but higher than the prevalence of hypertension i
13、n Guangzhou city. In order to improve hypertension treatment and control in the hypertension prevention and control work，we should take good use of community resource in the community，develop health education work widely and improve consciousness about disease prevention and health.Keywords：Hyperten
14、sion Community Prevalence Influencing factors前 言高血压可分为：原发性高血压：以血压升高为特征，原因不明的独立疾病，占高血压的95以上：继发性高血压。原发性高血压是由多基因遗传环境及多种危险因素相互作用的一种以体循环动脉压升高为主要临床表现的全身性疾病，同时也是心脑血管疾病的主要病因。原发性高血压现已成为危害人类健康的最常见疾病，是全球范围内的重大公共卫生问题。近几十年来，尽管心血管疾病(cardiovascular disease，CVD)发病率在美国和西方国家有很大幅度的下降，但在我国却在快速增长并成为人口死亡的主要原因。目前CVD已成为我国的
15、主要疾病负担1,2。在未来的20年中，随着我国工业化进程加快，人民生活水平的提高，饮食、生活、行为方式的变化，CVD的发病率和死亡率将呈逐年上升趋势3。据2002年世界卫生报告指出，全球每年因高血压造成710万人早亡，疾病负担占全球总疾病负担的4.44。高血压因患病率高、致残率高、死亡率高，知晓率低、服药率低、控制率低的特点，给个人、家庭和社会带来沉重的负担，因而得到各国政府和卫生部门的重视，成为慢性非传染性疾病的防治重点5。高血压是一种多基因与多环境危险因子交互作用而形成的慢性疾病，一般认为遗传因素大约占40，环境因素大约占606。Havlik和Feinleib分析美国及欧洲上世纪以来心血管
16、患病率和死亡率增加的原因，认为这不是遗传学原因，因为群体基因库没有发生变化，他们强调其危险因素的差异大部分是由于社会的生活方式和行为活动等原因引起。因此，积极研究高血压的众多环境致病因素对预防和控制高血压是至关重要的一项课题。近几十年来。针对与高血L压密切相关的危险因素，如静坐生活方式、超重和肥胖、饮酒、膳食中的钠、钾、吸烟、体力活动、心理社会因素、人格特征等在高血压发病中的可能作用，引起了国内外医学界的广泛重视与探索。1991年全国第三次15岁以上人口高血压患病情况抽样调查揭示了我国高血压的“三高”(患病率商、致残率高、死亡率高)、“三低”(知晓率低、服药率低、控制率低)和“三不”(不规律吃药、不难受不吃药
