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1、选校网 高考频道 专业大全 历年分数线 上万张大学图片 大学视频 院校库虚拟语气英语中有三种语气：陈述语气，祈使语气以及虚拟语气，其中很多学英语的人都觉得虚拟语气使人迷惑，他们有时会理解不当或使用错误，因为他们吧陈述语气的东西直接搬到虚拟语气中了。为了更好的区分三种语气，我们来看下面的句子。 薄冰教授认为虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设，愿望或推测。张道真教授认为虚拟语气是在表示一种纯然假想的情况或主观愿望时谓语动词的一种特殊的形式。1. He comes here everyday.2. Let him come here.3. If he ca
2、me here, I would ask him. 一、 条件句中的虚拟语气1.条件句的分类条件句有真实条件句与非真实条件句两种。真实条件句所表示的假设是有可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句皆用直陈语气。如If I have enough money, I will buy a computer.If you havent finished with that book, you can keep it for one more day.非真实条件句所表示的假设是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句皆使用虚拟语气，一下是用于非真实条件句中的虚拟语气形式：时间 条件从句谓语形式
3、结果主句谓语形式与现在事实相反动词过去式(be 用 were)would / should / might / could + 动词原形与将来事实相反动词过去式(be用were)should + 动词原形were to + 动词原形would / should / might / could + 动词原形与过去事实相反had +动词过去分词would / should / might / could have + 动词过去分词 2. 条件句中的虚拟语气的举例(1) 将来时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如：If he should go to Qing Hua University, he would
4、make full use of his time. 如果他要上清华大学的话，他就会充分利用他的时间了。If he were to come here, he would tell us about it. 如果他要来的话，他会通知我们一声。(2) 现在时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如： If he were free, he would help us. 要是他有空的话，它会帮助我们的。If he studied at this school, he would know you well. 如果他在这所学校学习的话，它会对你很熟悉。(3) 过去时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如：If I had see
5、n the film, I would have told you about it. 我如果看过这场电影，我会把电影内容告诉你了。If I had got there earlier, I would have met Mr. Li. 如果我早点到那儿，我就会会到了李先生。3. 运用条件句中的虚拟语气时，须注意的几个问题 (1) 有时，虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。如：If I had worked hard at school, I would be an en
6、gineer, too. 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。如：If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。从句的动作与过去发生的情况
7、相反，而主句的动作与现在正在发生的情况相反。如：If it had not been raining too much, the crops would be growing much better. 如果天不下太多的雨的话，庄家会长得更好。If he had been working hard, he would be working in the office now. 要是他工作一直努力的话，他现在已进了办公室了。(2) 当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时，if可以省略，这是条件从句要用倒装语序，即将were, should, had等词置于句首，这种多用于书
8、面语。如：Should he agree to go there, we would send him there. 要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。Were she here, she would agree with us. 如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果她懂一些电脑知识的话，我们会已经聘用他来这里工作了。(3)非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在上下文中，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句，在多数情况下，条件会暗含在短语中，如without.,
9、 but for.等But for his help, we would be working now. 要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress. 要是没有你的指导，我不会取得如此大的进步。We didnt know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him. 我们不知道他的电话号码，否则我们就会给他打电话。(4) 有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句可以省略其中的一个，来表示说话人的一种强烈的
10、感情。省略从句He would have finished it. 他本该完成了。You could have passed this exam. 你应该会通过这次考试了。省略主句If I were at home now. 要是我现在在家里该多好啊。If only I had got it. 要是我得到它了该多好啊。、(5)在虚拟条件句中，如果条件句作为宾语从句，它的动词形式不受主句谓语动词的影响二、其他状语从句的虚拟语气1. 目的状语从句中的虚拟语气(1) 在for fear that, in case, lest引导的目的状语从句中，若用虚拟语气时，从句谓语为： should + 动词原
11、形。并且 should不能省略She examined the door again for fear that a thief should come in. 她又把门检查了一遍，以防盗贼的进入。He started out earlier lest he should be late. 他很早就出发了以防迟到。(2) 在so that, in order that所引导的目的状语从句中，从句中的谓语为： can / may / could / might / will / would / should + 动词原形。如(from )：He goes closer to the speake
12、r so that he can hear him clearer. 他走近说话的人以便能挺得更清楚。He read the letter carefully in order that he should not miss a word. 他把信读得很仔细以便不漏掉一个单词。2. 让步状语从句中的虚拟语气(1) 在even if, even though 所引导的让步状语从句中，可用虚拟语气，主句、从句的结构与if所引导的条件从句结构相同。如：Even if he were here himself, he should not know what to do. 即使他亲自来也不知该怎么办。
13、Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here. 即使华佗在世也救不了他。(2) 在whatever， whichever，whenever，whoever, wherever，however, no matter wh-word 等引导的让步状语从句中，从句虚拟语气结构为： may +动词原形(指现在或将来)。如：We will finish it on time no matter what / whatever may happen. 不管发生什么事，我们都要按时完成。We will find him wherever
14、 / no matter where he may be. 无论他在哪里，我们都要找到他。I will wait for him no matter how late he may come. 不管他来的多么晚，我都会等他。 may +完成式(指过去) ，主句结构不限。如：You mustnt be proud whatever / no matter what great progress you may have made. 不管你取得了多么大的进步，你也不能骄傲(from )。We must respect him no matter what / whatever mistakes h
15、e may have made. 不管他翻过什么错误，我们必须尊敬他。(3) 在though, although等引导的让步状语从句中，从句虚拟语气结构为 should +动词原形，主句结构不限。如：Although / Though he should often be late, he is a good student. 尽管他经常迟到，他还是个好学生。Although / Though he should be secretary, he must obey the rules. 尽管他是书记，他也必须遵守规定。3. 方式状语从句中的虚拟语气as if, as though引导的方式状语从句常用虚拟语气。虚拟语气的结构为：表示所发生的时间虚拟语气结构发生在主句动作之前had + 过去分词与主句动作同时发生过去时(be 用were )发生在主句动作之后would / could / might / should+原形动词例如：They began to talk warmly as if they had known each other for long. 他们开始热烈的谈论起来就好像他们已相互认识很久了。He coug
