虚拟句的结构一般是

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1、虚拟句的结构一般是:虚拟条件句+虚拟结果句在虚拟条件句中,虚拟 过去情况的,用过去完成时 现在情况的,用一般过去时 将来情况的,用should类助动词+动词原形、或者were/was 在虚拟结果句中,时态按虚拟动作的虚拟真实情况回答,是将要完成的,就用将来时,就已完成的就用完成时,是一般状态的就用一般时。 虚拟语气分为条件虚拟和愿望虚拟两大类,简单介绍如下一、条件虚拟 1、由连词引导的条件从句,常用的有: * if/unless 如果/若非 * 3. even if / even though 即便 * in case:万一,如: -You should bring an umbrella w

2、ith you, in case it were raining; of cause theres no rain today 2、省略 if 后的倒装虚拟,如: * Were I you, What should I do? * Had he been here five minutes earlier, he would have caught the train. 3、相关动词分词或短语充当连词 * 过去分词: provided,如: -*We would pay the bonus provided the job had been completed on time yesterda

3、y. 如果工作在昨天按时完成的话我们会发放奖金的。 * 动词原形:suppose (that),如: -Suppose (that) I were you. 要是我是你多好)。 * 现在分词:supposing,如: -Supposing it were not Saturday tomorrow. 假如明天不是星期六(就好了) 4、介词 without 短语表示的条件,如: -Without electronic computers, much of todays advanced technology would not have been achieved. 要是没有电脑的话,就不会取得

4、当前这么多的先进技术 5、but tha t除非,若不是,如: -They would have got in touch with us two days earlier but that there had been something wrong with the line. 若不是线路有问题的话,他们两天前就与我们取得联系了。 二、愿望虚拟 1、名词从句 1)提出建议、发出命令、提出请求、表示见解愿望,下面以suggest及其派生词为例: 宾语从句:I suggested that he (should常常省略) leave immediately. 表语从句:My suggestio

5、n is that he leave immediately. 主语从句:That he (should) leave immediately is my suggestion 同位语从句:My suggestion, that he leave immediately, has not been adopted. 2)用在it is that 句式表示上述意思,如: -It is important that he that he (should常常省略) leave immediately. 2、几种特殊的虚拟句式 * wish 从句,如: - I wish he knew what is

6、 happening there in his room. 要是他知道自己的屋子里正发生着什么就好了。(对此时此刻的虚拟) -He wished he hadnt done it. 他想要是他没这样做该多好。(对过去的虚拟) * would rather 从句 -I would rather you (should) come tomorrow.(对将来的虚拟)我宁可你明天过来(暗含你却来不了。) * it is time 从句 -It is high time you had got up to have your meal. 你早就该起床吃饭了。(但是到现在你还没起来) * had bet

7、ter 从句 -His mother had better he would have come the next day. 他母亲宁愿他第二天过来。三、套式虚拟句在表达某些信条的陈述或信仰的自白的时候,常用套式虚拟句。在这种虚拟句中,谓语动词不受人称和时态的约束,只以动词原形出现在句子中。以下是常见的套语: 1. 表示祝福 * God belss you 上帝保佑 * God bless my life / my soul! 我的天啊! 好家伙! * God speed you! 祝你一路平安! * Long live liberty! 自由万岁 2. 表示诅咒 * God damn you

8、! 天杀的! 该死的! * God forbid! / Heaven forfend!苍天不容! 但愿不会如此! 3. 表示发誓 * Far be it from me to 我决不会 * Suffice it to say that 只要说就够了。 * Come what may / will 不管发生什么事情 4. 表示愿望 * God grant .! 但愿.! * So be it then. 那样也好 * Be that as it may 尽管这样 5. 表示感叹 God help him! 唉, 真可怜! Heaven help us! 苍天保佑!关于虚拟语气的时态问题一、条件虚

9、拟句或特殊句式的虚拟 1、对现在的虚拟 * 主句 would/should/could/ought to + 动词原形 * 从句 动词过去形式(动词 be 一律用 were) 2、对过去的虚拟: * 主句 would/should/could/ought to + have done * 从句 过去完成式 had done 3、对将来虚拟,分三种情况: 1)实现的可能性不大 (should可省略,但是要注意只能用should 而不可以用其他情态动词)do; 2)实现的可能性很小 过去时(did/were) 3)根本不可能实现 were to do二、名词从句中的虚拟一律用“should + 原形”或者省略 should 直接用动词原形 赞同| 3

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