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1、外文原文Beyond the Desktop: An Introduction to Cloud Computing Michael MillerIn a world that sees new technological trends bloom and fade on almost a daily basis, one new trend promises more longevity. This trend is called cloud computing, and it will change the way you use your computer and the Interne
2、t.Cloud computing portends a major change in how we store information and run applications. Instead of running program sand data on an individual desktop computer, everything is hosted in the “cloud”a nebulous assemblage of computers and servers accessed via the Internet. Cloud computing lets you ac
3、cess all your applications and documents from anywhere in the world, freeing you from the confines of the desktop and making it easier for group members in different locations to collaborate.PART 1 Understanding Cloud Computing The emergence of cloud computing is the computing equivalent of the elec
4、tricity revolution of a century ago. Before the advent of electrical utilities, every farm and business produced its own electricity from freestanding generators. After the electrical grid was created, farms and businesses shut down their generators and bought electricity from the utilities, at a mu
5、ch lower price (and with much greater reliability) than they could produce on their own. Look for the same type of revolution to occur as cloud computing takes hold. The desktop-centric notion of computing that we hold today is bound to fall by the wayside as we come to expect the universal access,
6、24/7 reliability, and ubiquitous collaboration promised by cloud computing. It is the way of the future.Cloud Computing: What It Isand What It IsntWith traditional desktop computing, you run copies of software programs on each computer you own. The documents you create are stored on the computer on
7、which they were created. Although documents can be accessed from other computers on the network, they cant be accessed by computers outside the network.The whole scene is PC-centric.With cloud computing, the software programs you use arent run from your personal computer, but are rather stored on se
8、rvers accessed via the Internet. If your computer crashes, the software is still available for others to use. Same goes for the documents you create; theyre stored on a collection of servers accessed via the Internet. Anyone with permission can not only access the documents, but can also edit and co
9、llaborate on those documents in real time. Unlike traditional computing, this cloud computing model isnt PC-centric, its document-centric. Which PC you use to access a document simplyisnt important.But thats a simplification. Lets look in more detail at what cloud computingisand, just as important,
10、what it isnt.What Cloud Computing IsntFirst, cloud computing isnt network computing. With network computing, applications/documents are hosted on a single companys server and accessed over the companys network. Cloud computing is a lot bigger than that. It encompasses multiple companies, multiple se
11、rvers, and multiple networks. Plus, unlike network computing, cloud services and storage are accessible from anywhere in the world over an Internet connection; with network computing, access is over the companys network only.Cloud computing also isnt traditional outsourcing, where a company farms ou
12、t (subcontracts) its computing services to an outside firm. While an outsourcing firm might host a companys data or applications, those documents and programs are only accessible to the companys employees via the companys network, not to the entire world via the Internet.So, despite superficial simi
13、larities, networking computing and outsourcing are not cloud computing.What Cloud Computing IsKey to the definition of cloud computing is the “cloud” itself. For our purposes, the cloud is a large group of interconnected computers. These computers can be personal computers or network servers; they c
14、an be public or private.For example, Google hosts a cloud that consists of both smallish PCs and larger servers. Googles cloud is a private one (that is, Google owns it) that is publicly accessible (by Googles users).This cloud of computers extends beyond a single company or enterprise. The applicat
15、ions and data served by the cloud are available to broad group of users, cross-enterprise and cross-platform. Access is via the Internet. Any authorized user can access these docs and apps from any computer over any Internet connection. And, to the user, the technology and infrastructure behind the
16、cloud is invisible.It isnt apparent (and, in most cases doesnt matter) whether cloud services are based on HTTP, HTML, XML, JavaScript, or other specific technologies._ Cloud computing is user-centric. Once you as a user are connected to the cloud, whatever is stored theredocuments, messages, images, applications, whateverbecomes yours. In addition, not
