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1、选校网 高考频道 专业大全 历年分数线 上万张大学图片 大学视频 院校库备战2010高考：情态动词精讲精练I 情态动词的定义 情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词，但不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。 情态动词数量不多，但用途广泛，主要有： can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would) . II 情态动词的位置情态动词在句中放在谓语动词之前，谓语动词前若有助动词，则在助动词之前，疑问句中， 情态动词放在主语之前。 I
2、can see you. Come here. 我能看见你，过来吧。 He must have been away. 他一定走了。 What can I do for you? 你要什么？ How dare you treat us like that! 你怎么敢那样对待我们! 情态动词的语法特征1） 情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情，只表示期待或估计某事的发生。2） 情态动词除ought 和have 外，后面只能接动词原形。3） 情态动词没有人称，数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。4） 情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词，等形式。 情态动词的用法A. can; cou
3、ld; be able to can1. 表示“能力”(此时过去时是could)What can you do? 2. 表示许可、请求，“可以”。 在口语中，can可以代替may表示许可，而may比较正式。（此时用could或might语气更委婉）-Can/Could I go now?-Yes, you can.3 表示推测（否，疑），把握很大,could也可表推测（肯，否，疑）,把握比can小。-Look! Someone is coming! Who can it be?-It cant be him. He has gone to Paris.（不可能）He could be here
4、 soon. 他很快就来。 4 表示感情（惊异/不耐烦）“究竟，到底”（主要用于否定句，疑问句和感叹句中。）How can you be so foolish?What can it possibly be? 到底那是怎么一回事?They cant be working at this time of day. 5 肯定句中客观存在的可能性。“有时会，偶尔”It can be quite windy there, especially in spring. Could1.表示能力， can 的过去式，过去能够Could you speak English then? 那时候你会说英语吗? Lo
5、oking down from the plane, we could see lights on the runway. 从飞机上向下看，我们可以看见机场跑道上的点点灯火。2. 请求允许（委婉语气）（问句的答语不用could，而用can，）Could Can I use your pen? ” “Yes, of course you can.”/ No, Im afraid not. 3. 表示推测可能性（肯，否，疑）We could go there this summer. 今年夏天我们可能要去那儿。(将来可能性)You could be right, but I dont think
6、you are. 你可能是对的，但我并不认为你是对的。(现在可能性)4. could have done 对过去推测，可能已经。本来能够却没做，差点就He cant couldnt have seen her there. 他不可能在那儿见到她。 He could have gone home. 他可能已回家了He could have told her, but he didnt choose to. 他本来可以告诉她的，但他却没有。You could ask me before you use my phone. 你打电话之前本来可以问我一声。I was so angry I could
7、have killed him. 我是那样生气，差点把他杀了。 can 和 be able to 都可以表示能力，意思上没有区别，但can 只有现在式和过去式(could)，而be able to 则有更多的形式。过去时：were/was able to将来时：will/shall be able to完成时：have /has been able to 如果要表达将来的能力时，一般要用 will/shall be able to No one is able to do it. We shall be able to finish the work next week. I havent b
8、een able to finish the bookCould与 was/ were able to的区别：could 只表有能力， was/were able to 意含”过去某时经过努力设法做成了某事”, 还可以表示结果 They worked hard, so they were able to do more for the company. He could cure the old mans illness. (能治好)He was able to cure the old mans illness. (治好了)B. may 和 mightmay （过去式might）1.表示允许
9、许可，might提问更委婉。口语中可用can/ could. -May/Might I watch TV after supper? -Yes, you may./ Yes, please./ Certainly. -No, you mustnt. / No, you may not. / No, you cant. - No, youd better not.2. 表示推测(肯，否)，有“或许”、“可能”的意思。might把握更小。疑问句用can/ could He may be right. I hear there may be a few copies left. He may com
10、e today (tomorrow). He might come today (tomorrow).3. 表示祝愿，倒装。May you succeed!May you have many more days as happy as this one.might1. may 的过去式He said that I might borrow this book.2. 许可(委婉语气) Might I .3. 表示推测（肯，否） “或许”“可能”把握比may小。疑问句用can/couldHe might get there in time, but Im not sure.may might (j
11、ust) as well 意为“不妨”、“还是为好”等，用 might 比用 may 语气更委婉。如： Im ready，so I might as well go now我已准备好，因此不妨现在就走。Theres nothing to do, so I may might as well go to bed. may well. 完全可能C. must, have to must1. must 表示“必须”。否定式must not (mustnt)表示“不应该”、“不许可”、“不准”、“禁止”等。 Everybody must obey the rules. The work must be
12、 finished as soon as possible. You mustnt lend it to others. You mustnt speak like that to your mother.在回答有“must” 的询问时，否定式常用need not (neednt) / dont have to表示“不必”, 而不用must not, 因为must not 表示“禁止”“不可以”- Must I go now? - Yes, you must. -No, you neednt. / No, you dont have to.2. must 表示推测（“一定”、“必定”），只用在
13、肯定句中, 其否定形式为cant，表示“不可能” You must be hungry after the long walk. The Chinese language must have the large number of speakers.3must 表示说话人不耐烦的态度，“干嘛偏要” must + have + done，表示对过去事物的肯定推测。 “一定做过.” He must have told my parents about it. 他一定把这件事情告诉我父母亲了。 must表示推测时，其反意疑问句应根据动词的实际时态而变化。如： It must be nice to t
14、ake a walk here, isnt it? Tom buys a lot of apples ,he must like eating them, doesnt he？ Must have done 的反意疑问句有三种情况: 从句中含有过去的时间状语,反意疑问句用过去时. The ground is wet , it must have rained last night, didnt it?从句中含有过去完成时的时间状语,反意疑问句用过去完成时. By the end of last term, we must have learnt 2000 words, hadnt we?若从句
15、中不含任何时间状语,反意疑问句用现在完成时 We must have been met somewhere (before), havent we?must 表示“必须”“有必要”时，反义疑问句部分用mustnt.? 或 neednt .? You must go home right now, neednt you?must 用否定形式 mustnt时，附加疑问句部分用may或must?You mustnt cheat in the examination, must you?3. 表示与说话人愿望相反及不耐烦意为“偏要”-_you make so much noise? （A） -Sorry, I will take care not to. A Must B Can
