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1、MAIN HEADLONG RANGE SHIP TRACKING DECK HEADWe take a look at the incoming requirement for long range ship tracking, how it might work and the different technologies which might be usedBODYShips are very large, and it is very hard to hide the location of them, when they turn up in a port. But shippin
2、g companies do manage to keep their destinations and current locations secret when they are out on the open ocean. Shipping industry executives around the world have long been of the opinion that the less information they have to reveal about their activities the better. But there are plenty of peop
3、le who would like to have this information, particularly governments of countries around the world who are concerned that they could have ships near their coastlines under the control of terrorists. The International Maritime Organisation has already mentioned the possibility of mandatory long range
4、 tracking for all vessels, maybe by as soon as 2006; this is also being pushed by the European Commission. The US Coastguard is understood to be seeking mandatory tracking sooner than that. Long range tracking has several advantages over AIS, which was originally conceived as a collision avoidance s
5、ystem but is now also being considered as a security device, continuously broadcasting unencrypted data about the ship which can be received in a range of about 30 to 300 miles. SUBHEADLong range tracking and AISShip locations generated by long range tracking systems can be made available to regulat
6、ory authorities without making them public, as compared to AIS data which is completely public.There have been concerns that a terrorist with information about the precise geographic co-ordinates of a ship could launch a missile at it from some distance away; AIS would give this information away, bu
7、t long range tracking wouldnt. Long range tracking systems can tell authorities about all ships which are days away from their coastlines, as opposed to AIS, which only has a range of 30 miles in normal weather. So, for example, the US military authorities can know about every single vessel remotely
8、 heading towards the US, crosscheck it against spy satellite pictures and There is still the issue of if a terrorist was in control of a ship, and it had no long range tracking, then assuming that it was not picked up by spy satellites (which are not continually checking the oceans as far as Digital
9、 Ship is aware), the first any regulatory authorities would know about it was when it appears on the radar, 30 miles away from coast, when it is probably too late for any navy ships to do anything about it. But still the basic principle of maritime security measures the more you know about things th
10、e better means that regulatory authorities are likely to want long range tracking pretty soon. SUBHEADCommunications tchnologyThere are quite a few technologies which can be used to carry a ship position report, including Inmarsat C and D+, Orbcomm, digital HF radio, Iridium and CLS Argos satellites
11、. The technology isnt very difficultIf regulatory authorities, in the IMO, US Coastguard, European Union or other decided to enforce a rule that ships could only come near their ports if they provide tracking data for the previous 2 weeks, then shipping companies would no doubt comply; the technolog
12、y would be easy to manage and the cost would be minimal, whether picked up by the shipping company or regulatory authority. The data could still be kept secret, and all of the above listed technologies could be used.SUBHEADThe shipboard alert system:This is the text from IMOs website:Regulation XI-2
13、/5 requires all ships to be provided with a ship security alert system, according to a strict timetable that will see most vessels fitted by 2004 and the remainder by 2006. “When activated the ship security alert system shall initiate and transmit a ship-to-shore security alert to a competent author
14、ity designated by the Administration, identifying the ship, its location and indicating that the security of the ship is under threat or it has been compromised. “The system will not raise any alarm on-board the ship. The ship security alert system shall be capable of being activated from the naviga
15、tion bridge and in at least one other location. There has already been some discussion about what this specifically means; some maritime commentators, including Kim Fisher, head of innovation at the UKs Maritime and Coastguard Agency, interpret this by saying that a simple telephone code word system
16、 to shipping company head office would suffice, and the location of the ship doesnt have to be at all precise; you can just say that your ship is coming into New York.Other regulatory authorities interpret the wording of the rules differently; it is still early days but shipping companies could well decide that the best way to keep on the right side of port control insp
