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1、第二部分 题型应对策略 第1讲 细节理解题,【考纲解读】 (1)文章细节对于理解全文内容至关重要, 同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。 (2)命题人员会要求考生根据不同的要求, 阅读文章以获得某些特定的信息或准确地寻求所需的细节。,(3)这类试题有时比较直接, 理解字面意思即可答题; 有时则较为间接, 需要归纳、概括和推理才能答题。细节理解题占阅读理解总题量的60%左右。,【考查特点】 . 把握细节理解题的常见设问方式: (1)特殊疑问句形式: 以when, where, what, which, who, how much/many等疑问词开头引出的问题。 (2)判断是非的形式: 含有T
2、rue/False, Not true 或EXCEPT等词的判断是非问题。,(3)填空题形式: 通常涉及与主题有关的事实和细节。 (4)就文中数字、排序等提问。,. 明晰细节理解题的考查角度: (1)高频考点: 直接信息题; 间接信息题。 (2)低频考点: 数字计算题; 正误判断题; 细节排序题。,1. 直接信息题: 定位比对找答案 第一步 看题目, 从题干中提取关键信息 第二步 采取速读技巧快速定位原文信息, 仔细比对选项和文中细节, 进而确定答案,【典例】 (2018全国卷A) . . . Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour Dur
3、ation: 3 hours(7 miles),Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, D. C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and
4、 history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.,23. Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide? A. City maps. B. Cameras. C. Meals. D. Safety lights.,【解题思路】仔细阅读题干可知at night provide为本题的定位关键词, 在原文中的All riders
5、are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights. 可知, 参加夜间游览的人会配备reflective vests和 safety lights, 故选D。,2. 间接信息题: 同义互释定答案 第一步 看题目, 从题干中提取关键信息 第二步 采取速读技巧寻找原文信息, 将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换, 将确定的文章信息进行加工处理, 进行进一步的辨别, 进而确定答案。,【典例】 (2018全国卷B) . . . When combined with berries or slices of other fruits, froze
6、n bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruit shakes and low fat “ice cream”. For this purpose, select ripe bananas for freezing as they are,much sweeter. Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze. If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas w
7、ill prevent them turning brown. Frozen bananas will last several weeks, depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer. . . .,25. Why is fresh lemon juice used in freezing bananas? A. To make them smell better. B. To keep their colour. C. To speed up their ripening. D. To improve the
8、ir nutrition.,【解题思路】仔细阅读题干可知fresh lemon juice used in freezing bananas为本题的定位关键词, 在原文中的If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown. 可知, 香蕉中放入少量的鲜柠檬汁可以使其不变棕色。故选B。,3. 数字计算题: “加减乘除”巧破解 第一步 仔细分析题干, 抓牢关键信息 第二步 从文章中找出包含该信息的段落, 运用数学公式计算。,【典例】(2018江苏高考A) . . . A
9、dmission $25. 00 recommended for adults, $12. 00 recommended for students, includes the Main Building and The Cloisters(回廊)on the same day; free for children under 12 with an adult. . . .,56. How much may they pay if an 11-year-old girl and her working parents visit the museum? A. $12. B. $37. C. $
10、50. D. $ 62.,【解题思路】根据题干关键词How much和pay可迅速 定位到原文信息$25. 00 recommended for adults, $12. 00 recommended for students, includes the Main Building and The Cloisters on the same day; free for children under 12 with an adult. 可知, 成人票价25美元, 12岁以下儿童在大人的陪同下免费。通过加减乘除可 知, 故选C。,4. 信息排序题: 首尾定位巧排序 此类题目要求考生根据动作发生的时
11、间顺序及句子之间的逻辑关系, 找出事件发生、发展的正确顺序。可采用“首尾定位”, 即先找出第一件事情和最后一件事情, 迅速缩小范围, 快速选出正确答案。,【典例】A schoolgirl saved her fathers life by kicking him in the chest after he suffered a serious allergic(过敏的) reaction which stopped his heart. Izzy, nine, restarted father Colms heart by stamping(踩) on his chest after he f
12、ell down at home and stopped breathing.,Izzys mother, Debbie, immediately called 999 but Izzy knew doctors would never arrive in time to save her father, so decided to use CPR. However, she quickly discovered her arms werent strong enough, so she stamped on her fathers chest instead. Debbie then too
13、k over with some more conventional chest compressions(按压) until the ambulance arrived.,Izzy, who has been given a bravery award by her school, said, “I just kicked him really hard. My mum taught me CPR but I knew I wasnt strong enough to use hands. I was quite scared. The doctor said I might as well
14、 be a doctor or a nurse. My mum said that Dad was going to hospital with a big footprint on his chest. ”,“Shes a little star, ”said Debbie, “I was really upset but Izzy just took over. I just cant believe what she did. I really think all children should be taught first aid. Izzy did CPR then the doc
15、tor turned up. Colm had to have more treatment on the way to the hospital and weve got to see an expert. ”,Truck driver Colm, 35, suffered a mystery allergic reaction on Saturday and was taken to hospital, but was sent home only for it to happen again the next day. The second attack was so serious t
16、hat his airway swelled, preventing him from breathing, his blood pressure dropped suddenly, and his heart stopped for a moment.,He has now made a full recovery from his suffering.,Q: Whats the right order of the events? Izzy kicked Colm. Debbie called 999. Izzy learned CPR. Colms heart stopped. A. B. C. D. ,【解题思路】通过速读原文我们可知第一件事是Izzy learned CPR, 而最后一件事是Izzy kicked Colm, 故选C。,【典例】(2018全国卷B) Good Morning Britains Susanna Reid is u
