单元语法聚焦(五),被动语态(一) 1．概念：英语语态有主动语态和被动语态两种主语是动作的执行者，叫做主动语态；主语是动作的承受者，叫做被动语态 2．被动语态的基本构成是“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与其作为连系动词时的变化完全一样一般现在时的被动语态构成为：主语＋am/is/are＋及物动词的过去分词3．一般现在时的被动语态的句式变化： (1)肯定：主语＋am/is/are＋及物动词的过去分词eg：Cars are made by them.汽车是由他们制造的 (2)否定：主语＋am/is/are＋not＋及物动词的过去分词eg：Cars are not made by them.汽车不是由他们制造的 (3)一般疑问句：Am/Is/Are＋主语＋及物动词的过去分词？eg：Are cars made by them？汽车是由他们制造的吗？,4．被动语态的用法： (1)在没有指明动作的执行者或者不知道动作执行者的情况下，可用被动语态eg：This coat is made of cotton.这件大衣是棉制的 (2)要强调动作的承受者而不是执行者时，用被动语态。
eg：Her bike is stolen.她的自行车被偷了5．主、被动语态的转换： 主动语态：主语＋及物动词＋宾语(＋其他) 被动语态：主语＋be＋及物动词过去分词＋by＋宾语(＋其他) 【注意】①主动、被动互相转换时，时态不变②主动句的主语是代词的主格形式，变成被动句by的宾语时，要用宾格形式一、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空 1．We all know that English ___________(speak) all over the world. 2．What ___ this kind of food ________ (call) in Japanese? 3．Many trees ___________ (plant) in my hometown every year. 4．Rice ____________ (not grow) in winter in the north. 5．Both English and French ______________ (speak) in Canada.,is spoken,is,called,are planted,isn't grown,are spoken,二、单项选择。
( )6.Children should ________ to be honest from a young age.(2016·青岛) A．educate B．be educated C．punish D．be punished ( )7.More chances ________ for students to learn from each other if working in groups.(2016·泰安) A．provide B．are provided C．provided D．will provide,B,B,( )8.Rice ________ by hand in many countries，such as China and India.(2016·吉林) A．grows B．grew C．is grown ( )9.Students do less homework now.Usually it ________ before 9 o'clock in the evening.(2016·重庆) A．finishes B．Finished C．is finished D．was finished ( )10.Now many smart phones ________ in many ways in our daily life.(2016·长沙) A．are used B．is used C．are using,C,C,A,三、按要求完成句子。
11．Three quarters of the books are written in English.(改为一般疑问句) ________ three quarters of the books _________ in English? 12．Is tea grown in the southeast of China？(改为主动语态) _________ they ________tea in the southeast of China?,Are,written,Do,grow,13．I am given a birthday present by my parents every year.(改为同义句) A birthday present ____________by my parents every year. 14．Those trees are watered carefully.(改为否定句) Those trees ______________ carefully. 15．Where does he plant trees in spring？(改为被动语态) Where _______________ in spring by him?,is given to me,aren't watered,are trees planted,。