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1、沪江高考资源网 2013 届高三英语第二轮复习考点精讲精炼第 7 讲 单项选择动词的时态和语态时态的基本含义和用法主动语态、被动语态的含义和用法含时间状语或时间状语从句的时态断定特定语境中的动词时态经典易错题会诊命题角度 1时态的基本含义和用法1 (典型例题精选along the street looking for a place to park when the accident Awent；was occurring Bwent；occurredCwas going；occurred DWas going；had occcurred考场错解 D专家把脉 本题考查动词表示一个动作发生过程中
2、突然发生另一动作的用法。过程中的动作常用过去进行时表示，而另一动作常用一般过去时表示。根据所给答案，只有 C 项符合要求。 对症下药 C2. (典型例题精选 I was giving a talk to a targe group of people, the same talk I to half a dozen other groups.A. was giving B. am givingC. had given D. have given考场错解 A专家把脉 本题考查动词时态在特殊语境中的应用。本句第一句用的是过去进行时，第二句的意思是：我已经给其他六组作过同样的报告。由此可知“已经作过
3、” 是过去的过去。故应用过去完成时。对症下药 C3. (典型例题精选) The house belongs to my aunt but she _ here any more.A. hasn t lived B. didn t liveC. hadn t lived D. doesn t live考场错解 A专家把脉 本题考查动词时态的基本用法。句意为：这所房子属于我姑姑，但她已经不住在这儿了。如果按汉语思考，则易选 A，但实际上是陈述事实，故应用一般现在时。对症下药 D4. (典型例题精选 he moment the 28th Olympic Games _ open, the whole
4、 world cheered.A. declared B. have been declaredC. have declared D. were declared考场错解 B专家把脉 本题考查时态和语态。句中 games 与 declaye 是被动关系，排除 A 和C，The moment 引导时间状语从句，declaye 与 cheer 并无明显的时间对照，故 B 不对。对症下药 D5. (典型例题精选 adies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts. The plane A. takes off B. is taking offC. h
5、as taken off D. took off沪江高考资源网 考场错解 A专家把脉 本题考查动词时态。根据句意：飞机就要起飞，属于将来时，而不是一般现在时。被选项中只有 is taking off 可表示将来。对症下药 B6. (典型例题精选 ) If the traffic hadn t been so heavy, I couldn t have been back by 6 o clock.What a pity! Tina here to see you.A. is B. wasC. would be D. has been考场错解 A专家把脉 本题考查一般过去时表示过去的客观事实这
6、一用法。此处指过去那时Tina Was here to see you，故用 Was。对症下药 B7. (典型例题精选 )Maybe you have been to many countries, but nowhere else such a beautiful palace.A. can you find B. you could findC. you can find D. could you find考场错解 D专家把脉 这里并非是疑问句中 could 表示委婉语气，排除 B、D。本题 but 后的并列简单句是以 nowhere else 这个否定词开始，故要用倒装语序，从时态一致的
7、角度考虑，选 A。对症下药 A8. (典型例题精选 ) The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people to eat more fruit and vegetables.A. persuade B. will persuaded C. be persuaded D. are persuaded考场错解 B专家把脉 尽管句中是指将来的事情，但条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。在这时“如果人们被说服或被劝告 ”，含有被动之意，所以选用一般现在时的被动语态。对症下药 D9. (典型例题精选
8、Now that she is out of job, Lucy going back to school, but she hasn t decided yet.A. had considered B. has been consideringC. considered D. is going to considered考场错解 C专家把脉 从题干中得知，Lucy 失业，从主句的后半句得知她还没有决定是否回学校，因此，前面是指她一直在考虑着回学校，符合现在完成进行时的含义。对症下药 B专家会诊使用各种时态时的注意事项1 一般现在时(1)有计划的动作常用来表示计划、安排好了的将来动作，如go，
9、 come，stalt，leave ，take off(起飞)， arrive，return 等。如：I leave for Beijing next Monday. The meeting begins in a minute.沪江高考资源网 (2)在 here，there，in 等开头的倒装句中，一般现在时代替一般将来时。如：Here he comes. There goes the bell. In came the teacher.(3)表示感觉、状态、思想或理解的动词，如 see，hear, think, hope, wish, know, forget, understand,li
10、ke，hate，mean，be feel，fit 等常可用于一般现在时。如： I feel a sudden pain in my head2 一般过去时在口语中，want，hope，wish，wonder ，think 等动词可用一般过去时表示现在的一种委婉的语气或一种试探性的态度；情态动词的过去式 could，should， would，rllisht 也可用于现在或将来时表示一种委婉语气。如：I wanted to ask if you could help me.Could you lend me your dictionary?Would you like to have a wal
11、k in the garden with me?What should I do now?3 一般将来时(1)条件状语从句中，will 可以用作情态动词，表示“意愿” 。will 还可以用来表示一种倾向或习惯动作。如：you will wait for me，I shall go with you( 表示意愿) Crops will die without water(表示倾向性 ) Where there is water，there will be life(表示习惯性)(2)be doing 限于某些非延续性动词，如 go， come，leave，start ，finish 等，表示按计
12、划安排要发生的事。如：I am finishing my homework. He is coming. They are leaving for Tibet.4 现在进行时(1)用来表示现阶段正在进行的动作，尽管此刻这一动作不一定正在进行。如： How are you getting along with your work these days?(2)在时间、条件状语从句中，有时可用进行时来代替一般将来时。如： Don t mention this when you are talking with the manager.(3)现在进行时与 always， au the time， fo
13、rever，constantly 等词连用时，表示感叹、惊讶、厌恶等情绪。如： He is always thinking of his study( 表示赞许) Tom is talking his past all the time(表示厌恶)(4)连系动词 look，feel，smell，taste ，sound 等，表示心理的动词want，like ，prefer，have 等一般不用于进行时态，也没有被动语态。但是， turn，become，get，grow， go 等表示由一种状态进入另一种状态时，用进行时。如：She feels worse today. The fish sme
14、lls good. The rich man is becoming poorer and poorer.(改变状态) Itgetting darker and darker( 改变状态)5 一般过去时和现在完成时的区别(1)一般过去时所表示的一个和一段过去时间是可以具体确定的，与其他时间没有牵连。所表示的事情纯属过去，和现在的情况没有关系。如：Who pointed out the mistake? He will never be what he used to be. He went to town yesterday. (过去某次) When I was young, I took b
15、ath regularly.( 过去经常 ) I would tell him the great changes when I was in his home. (经常发生的动作)现在完成时表示的事情发生在不能具体指出的现在以前的过去某个或某段时间，所表示的事情与现在情况有关系，是过去事情在现在产生的结果或对现在的影响。如：Have you ever been to Shanghai? He has gone to the library.(2)一般过去时常用的时间状语有 yesterday, last night, two days ago, at that time 等; 如 : At tha
