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1、版权所有:中国好课堂 Section_ Grammar 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 语法图解 探究发现This gift was the Amber Room, which was given this name because several tons of amber were used to make it.The amber which was selected had a beautiful yellowbrown colour like honey.However, the next King of Prussia, Frederick William ， to whom t
2、he amber room belonged, decided not to keep it.Later, Catherine had the Amber Room moved to a palace outside St Petersburg where she spent her summers.This was a time when the two countries were at war.There is no doubt that the boxes were then put on a train for Knigsberg, which was at that time a
3、German city on the Baltic Sea.我的发现(1)例句中含 which 引导的非限制性定语从句；例句中含 which 引导的限制性定语从句；在形式上非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句的区别在于：关系词前是否有逗号。(2)以上例句中含非限制性定语从句的有；含限制性定语从句的有 。版权所有:中国好课堂 一、定语从句的种类根据定语从句与先行词之间关系的紧密程度，我们将定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。1限制性定语从句限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，用于修饰和限定先行词。如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，两者之间不用逗号分开
4、；关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。引导限制性定语从句的关系代词有 who, whom, whose, that, which, as；关系副词有 where, when, why。This is the computer (that/which) he bought for his son yesterday.这是他昨天为儿子买的电脑。The woman who/that survived the earthquake is Amys English teacher.在地震中幸存的那个女人是埃米的英语老师。2非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不是十分密切，只是对先行词或主句作些附加
5、说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开。引导非限制性定语从句的关系词与引导限制性定语从句的关系词略有不同。除 that 和 why 不能引导非限制性定语从句外，其他都可以。He is English, which I know from his accent.他是英国人，那是我通过他的口音知道的。I heard a terrible noise, which brought my heart into my mouth.我听到了一个可怕的声音，这使我非常害怕。即时演练 1用适当的关系词填空Holly, who is from Australia, has a go
6、od command of Chinese.版权所有:中国好课堂 The dictionary, which our teacher bought yesterday, is helpful to us.His parents wouldnt marry her to anyone whose family was poor.Finally the thief handed in everything that he had stolen to the police.This was the reason why he was late yesterday.二、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
7、的用法比较1形式不同限制性定语从句和主句之间没有逗号；非限制性定语从句必须用逗号与主句隔开。Here is the man who has been punished by the boss.这就是那个被老板惩罚的人。(限制性定语从句)The project, which lasted three years, cost no less than $1 billion.这个工程历时三年，耗资多达十亿美元。(非限制性定语从句)2先行词不同限制性定语从句的先行词只能是一个名词或代词，而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词，也可以是整个主句。试比较：This is the best novel th
8、at I have ever read.这是我曾经看过的最好的小说。(限制性定语从句，先行词是 novel)The novel, which I read last night, is very interesting.我昨天晚上看过那部小说了，它非常有意思。(非限制性定语从句，先行词为 novel)The novel is very interesting, which makes me very excited.那部小说很有意思，这让我很兴奋。(非限制性定语从句，which 指代前面整句话的内容)3关系词的使用情况不同(1)that, why 不可用于引导非限制性定语从句，指物时要用 wh
9、ich 代替 that, for which 代替 why版权所有:中国好课堂 Most people didnt vote for him, which disappointed him.大多数人没有投票支持他，这使他感到失望。I have told them the reason, for which I changed my mind.我已经告诉了他们我改变主意的原因。(2)关系代词替代情况不同关系代词 whom 在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用 who 代替，但在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用 who 代替。This is the man (whom/who/that) we are
10、talking about.这就是我们正在谈论的那个人。(限制性定语从句)The young man had a new girlfriend, whom he wanted to impress.这位年轻人新交了一个女朋友，他想给她留下印象。(非限制性定语从句)在限制性定语从句中，先行词指人时可以用 that 引导，但在非限制性定语从句中先行词指人时，关系代词只能用 who 或 whom。She has a younger brother, who is an English teacher.她有一个弟弟，他是一名英语老师。(3)关系代词省略情况不同关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可省略，
11、而非限制性定语从句的所有关系代词均不可省略。This is a good film (which/that) I saw a few days ago.这是我几天前看过的一部好影片。(限制性定语从句)The summer holiday, which were looking forward to, is drawing near. 我们盼望的暑假就要来了。(非限制性定语从句)即时演练 2(1)写出下列句子中 which 指代的内容版权所有:中国好课堂 Mike sold his old furniture, which made his father angry.which 指代 Mike_
12、sold_his_old_furnitureThe house which I bought last month has a lovely garden.which 指代 the_house(2)补全句子Her sister, who_teaches_us_English,_will go abroad next year.她的姐姐教我们英语，明年将出国。Here is Mr. White, whom_youve_been _waiting_for a long time.这就是怀特先生，你等了很久的人。She has found the necklace (that)_she_lost_t
13、wo_weeks_ago.她找到了那条两周前丢失的项链。.用适当的关系词填空1This is the room where my grandma used to live.2This is the room that/which my grandma used to live in.3Mr Green said that Suzhou was the first city that he had visited in China.4As is known to us all, the rare vase dates back to the Ming Dynasty.5The boy who I
14、 though to be honest lied to me.6I, who is your good friend, will of course try my best to help you out.7This was the reason why he took apart the machine.8This is the farm where we picked apples last year.9Do you still remember the summer holiday when we made a journey to Beijing?版权所有:中国好课堂 10The f
15、amous singer, who is from Britain, has a number of devoted fans in China.11The old man has two daughters, both of whom work as doctors.12She has several balls, the largest of which is the blue one.单句写作1They went to the British Museum, where_they_saw_many_famous_artists_paintings (在那里他们看到了许多著名艺术家的画作)2As _is_known_to_us_all (众所周知), books are the source of knowledge.3I dont know the reason why_he_didnt_come_to_school_as_usual (他为什么没有照常来学校) 4He is such a man as_is_always_active_and_warmhearted(一直积极并且热心的)5Taobao is a website where_you_can_buy_what_you_want (在那里你可以买到你想要的东西) at a good price.6The
