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1、Part 1,Verb-ing form as an adverb -现在分词作状语,1).作时间状语,相当于时间状语从句 (常同连词when, after, while, once, until等连用) 注：当现在分词短语用来表示时间时，可以和when,after 等引导的时间状语从句互换 Hearing the bad news, they couldnt help crying. =When they heard the bad news, they couldnt help crying. Having received his letter, I decided to write b
2、ack.,=After I had received his letter, I decided to write back.,2).作原因状语，相当于原因状语从句。 Being a student, I must work hard.,Being so angry, he couldnt go to sleep.,= Because/As /Since he was so angry, he couldnt go to sleep.,=Because I am a student, I must work hard.,3. 作条件状语,相当于条件状语从句 Working hard, you
3、will succeed. =If you work hard, you will succeed.,Putting more salt into the soup, you will find it more delicious.,=If you put more salt into the soup, you will find it more delicious. 当现在分词用来表示条件时，可以和if引导的 条件状语从句互换,4. 作伴随状语,相当于并列句 They came into the classroom, singing and laughing. = they came in
4、to the classroom; They sang and laughed.,The students came in,_(follow)their teacher. My cousin came to see me from the country,_ (bring)me a full basket of fresh fruits.,following,bringing,The factory keeps releasing smoke, making the air dirty. The factory keeps releasing smoke, （非限制性定语从句）,which m
5、akes the air dirty,5. 作结果状语,The factory keeps releasing smoke. _, the air is made dirty.,As a result,当现在分词短语用来表结果时，可以和 as a result 引导的结果状语从句互换。 也相当于which引导一个非限制性定语从句,例： She does exercise for anhour every day,causing her to keep a slim figure. She does exercise for an hour every day,_her to keep a sl
6、im figure. She does exercise for an hour every day。_,she keeps a slim figure.,which causes,As a result,-ing短语作让步状语，可置于句首或 句末，常与even if, though 连用。如：,6. 作让步状语,=Although his father worked from morning till night, he didnt get enough food. 虽然他父亲从早到晚拼命地干活，但是他还是挣不到足够的吃的。,Though working from morning till
7、night, his father didnt get enough food.,注意:,1.分词作状语时，其逻辑主语同主句的主语一致且有逻辑主动关系，往往可转换为相应的状语从句。,注意： 2.现在分词的否定式中，否定词not 必须放在 最前面。 Not knowing much English,he found it difficult to communicate with foreigners. Not having received a reply,he wrote a letter to the professor again.,注意：,3. 现在分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的
8、主语相同；如果不相同，分词前必须加上自己的主语，这种结构被称为独立主格结构。 Time permitting,I will stay for another week.=If time permits,I will stay for another week.,The boy was knocked over, blood streaming down his head. All the tickets having been sold out, we had to wait for the next weeks show. Nobody being in, I didnt enter the
9、 hall.,1. a. Hearing the news, tears ran down her face. b. Hearing the news, she cried out sadly. 2. a. Entering the classroom, I found nobody in it. b. Entering the classroom, nobody was found in it.,Choose the correct sentence.,3. a. Looking out through the window, the garden was beautiful. b. Loo
10、king out through the window, we saw a beautiful garden. 4. a. Reading the evening newspaper, a dog started barking. b. I was reading the evening newspaper when a dog started barking.,现在分词做独立成分：,有些分词可以独立存在，在句中没有逻辑上的主语，作为习惯用法。这些短语有： generally/frankly speaking 一般来说/坦白来说 judging from/by 由来判断 taking all
11、things into consideration从各方面来说 eg: Generally speaking,girls are more interested in literature than boys. Judging from his accent, he is a new comer.,被用作介词或连词的分词： supposing providing/provided given 假设,假如,设想 considering认为 concerning/regarding 关于 according to 按照 talking of 谈到 speaking of 说到,Supposing
12、he wont pass the exam, what should he do ? According to his report, the situation is getting serious.,一些独立结构： 1. Generally _( speak ), we have learnt a lot in this school. 2. _(judge ) from his appearance, he is somebody. 3. _( tell ) you the truth, your work is terrible.,speaking,Judging,To tell,Th
13、eir car was caught in a traffic jam, thus _ the delay. A. to cause B. causing C. caused D. cause 2. I was in the bathroom, not _ the knock at the door. A. hear B. to hear C. hearing D. heard,Exercise,3. After seeing the movie, _. A. the book was read by him B. the book made him want to read it C. he
14、 wanted to read the book D. the reading of the book interested him,4. The next morning she found the man in bed, _ dead. A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying 5. There was terrible noise _ the sudden burst of light. A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed,6. The secretary worked late
15、 into the night, _ a long speech for the president. A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing,7. “Cant you read?” Mary said_ to the notice. A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing,8. _ a reply, he decided to write again. A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received,9. The car burns more fuel, but _all things into consideration, it is still a
