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1、一 主谓结构（S十V）,本结构是由主语加不及物的谓语动词构成, 常用来表示主语的动作。 如：The sun rises. 主语可有修饰语-定语，如，The red sun rises. 谓语可有修饰语-状语，如，The red sun rises in the east.,1.你应当努力学习。 2.她昨天回家很晚。 3.那天早上我们谈了很多。 4.会议将持续两个小时。 5. 在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。 1. You should study hard. 2. She went home very late yesterday evening. 3. That morning
2、 we talked a great deal. 4. The meeting will last two hours. 5. Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years.,6. 这种事情全世界各地每天都在发生。 7. 1919年，在北京爆发了“五.四”运动。 8.每天八时开始上课。 9.这个盒子重五公斤。 10.五年前我住在北京。 6. Things of that sort are happening all over the world every day. 7. The May Fourth
3、Movement broke out in Beijing in 1919. 8. Classes begin at eight every day. 9. This box weighs five kilos. 10. I lived in Beijing five years ago.,11.爱丽丝很会游泳。 12.约翰的父亲昨晚去世了。 13.秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。 14.我的爷爷早晨起得很早。 15.每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。 11. Alice swims very well. 12. Johns father died last night. 13. In autumn,
4、some birds fly to the south. 14. My grandfather gets up early in the morning. 15. Every afternoon a lot of students come to the library to borrow books.,二主谓宾结构- S十V十O,此结构是由主语+谓语+宾语构成。 此句式中,V代表及物动词或及物动词词组(vt)，只有及物动词或及物动词短语才能且必须接宾语，因此后有宾语；宾语须是名词或相当于名词的成分 （名词，名词短语或代词） 。 例如：I saw you yesterday. I saw a
5、film .,eg: I saw a film . 译：我看了一部电影。 （I是主语，saw是谓语，a film宾语） eg: They took good care of the children 译：他们把这些孩子照看得很好。 (they是主语 ,took good care of是谓语,其中took是take的过去式，the children是宾语),说明： 此结构中的谓语动词如果是动词词组,分两种情况: 1.及物动词+副词， 2.不及物动词+介词,即变成及物动词词组,1.动词+副词：get in(收割),hand in（提交，交进） 动词+介词：persist in(坚持)，succe
6、ed in (在成功) 2.动词+副词：如，turn on(开),move on（走开）, pass on（传递）, put on（穿上）, have on（穿着）. 动词+介词：work on（从事于）, operate on（在上动手术）, agree on（同意）get on（上车，上船）,ride on（骑上）,有的含有介词 at, for, from, into, of, with, to 等的动介词组是不可拆分的。 如，look after照顾 look at瞧 look for寻找 belong to属于 refer to参考、提及 think of考虑，评价 send for派
7、人去请 care for喜欢 suffer from受之苦 deal with对付，应付 object to反对 pay for付的钱,等 。,1.含有away, out, forward, up 等副词的动副词组是可拆分的。如， They carried out the plan successfully. =They carried the plan out successfully. 但我们只说, As the plan was practical, they carried it out successfully. 动副词组都可以这样用，如， point out指出 carry out
8、执行 put forward提出work out做出、算出 find out找出 give up放弃 give away赠送，分发 pick up拣起 put up挂上,等,总结：动+副构成的短语动词，宾语是名词可以置中或置后，宾语是代词只能置中,1.昨晚我写了一封信。 I wrote a letter last night. 2.这本书他读过多次了。 He has read this book many times. 3.他们成功地完成了计划。(carry out) They have carried out the plan successfully. 4.你们必须在两周内看完这些书。(f
9、inish doing) You must finish reading these books in two weeks. 5.那位先生能流利地说三种语言。 That gentlemen can speak three languages fluently.,6.我开窗户你在意吗？ Do you mind my opening the window? 7.Jim 还不会自己穿衣服。(dress oneself) Jim cannot dress himself. 8.我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。 I received a letter from my pen friend in Aust
10、ralia.,9.我们大家都相信Jack 是一个诚实男孩。 All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy. 10.他不知道说什麽好。 He did not know what to say. 11.他每天早晨洗冷水澡。(take a bath) He takes a cold bath every morning. 12.他们高度赞扬了英雄的业迹。 (sing praise for) They sang high praise for the deeds of the hero.,翻译练习,我不信任那个人。（believe in) 他指出了我的作文中
11、的错误。 (point out) 圣诞节我们将去看望外籍教师。(call on ) 你们必须在课后把练习本交上来。(hand in) 五分钟内我们是不可能解出这道题来的。(work out) 这位护士会好好照顾你父亲的。(take good care of) 你在工作中可依靠他。(depend on) 沸腾的水散发水蒸汽。 (give off) 写完作文后，我们必须把它从头到尾看一遍。(go over) 脱掉你的外套，离开前再穿。(take off) 人们会把她找出来的。(find out) 我们必须派人去请医生 (send for),1 我不信任那个人。（believe in) 2 他指出了
12、我的作文中的错误。 (point out) 3 圣诞节我们将去看望外籍教师。(call on ) 4 你们必须在课后把练习本交上来。(hand in) 5 五分钟内我们是不可能解出这道题来的。(work out) 1 I dont believe in(介) that man. 2 He pointed out（副） the mistakes in my composition. 3 On Christmas Day, we will call on（介）our foreign teachers. 4 You must hand in（副） your exercise-books after
13、class. 5 We cannot work out（副） the problem in five minutes.,1 这位护士会好好照顾你父亲的。(take good care of) 2 你在工作中可依靠他。(depend on) 3 沸腾的水散发水蒸汽。 (give off) 4 写完作文后，我们必须把它从头到尾看一遍。(go over) 5 脱掉你的外套，离开前再穿。(take off, put on) 6 人们会把她找出来的。(find out) 7 我们必须派人去请医生 (send for) 1 The nurse will take good care of your fat
14、her. 2 You can depend on（介） him in your work. 3 Boiling water gives off（副） steam. 4 After writing a composition, we must go over（介）it. 5 Take off your coat and put it on（副） before you leave. 6 People will find her out（副）. 7 We must send for（介） a doctor,1 我进去时，他在浇花。 He was watering the flowers when I
15、 came in. 2 他们成功地实施了这项计划。 They carried out the plan successfully. 3 他决定放弃该计划。 She decided to give up the plan. 4 她努力争取每天做好每件事。 She tried to do a good deed every day. 5 他几乎不知道怎么写作文。 He hardly knew how to write a composition.,6 我真的不知道是走还是留。 I really dont know whether to go or stay. 7 我们花了太多钱买书。 We spe
16、nt too much money (on) buying the books. 8 我认为对他来说学习一门外语是很必要的。 I think that its necessary for min to learn a foreign language. 9 他喜欢听音乐。 He enjoys listening to music. 10 讲故事对提高英语口语很有用。 Telling stories is useful to improving oral English.,三 主系表结构 S十V十P,本结构是由“主语+系动词+表语”组成，主要用以说明主语的特征，类属，状态，身份等。 P一般是形容词或名词或名词性质的短语，V是系动词,常见的系动词有 （1）表示特征和存在状态的 be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound. （2）表示状态延续的 remain, stay, keep, continue, stand. （3）
