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1、Grammar 名词性从句,宾语从句,名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句 、宾语从句和同位语从句。,1、宾语从句 宾语从句在复合句中起宾语作用，可以作动词的宾语，也可以作介词的宾语。引导宾语从句词有连词that，if，whether；连接代词who，whose，what，which；连接副词when，where，how， why等。,The Object Clause,e.g. I think (that) women can reach very high achievements in many fields of sci
2、ence. 2) I wonder whether/if she remembered how many babies she had delivered. 3) Do you know who/whom Jack was speaking to? 4) He asked whose car it was. 5) Pay attention to what the doctor said. 6) Please tell me when the earthquake took place. 7) Will you tell me how I can keep fit and healthy?,T
3、he Object Clause,做动词的宾语,(1)大部分宾语从句直接跟在动词后： e.g. He doesnt know where the post office is. (2)有些宾语从句前要有间接宾语： e.g. He told me what I should read,(3)如果宾语从句后面有宾语补足语，要使用形式宾语 it 而将从句放到补足语后面； e.g. I thought it strange that he failed to call me 我觉得奇怪,他没给我打电话。 (4)在think, believe, suppose, expect等动词之后的宾语从句中，如果
4、从句谓语是否定含义，则不用否定形式,而将主句谓语动词think等变为否定形式; e.g. I dont think you are right 我想你是不对的。,否定的转移,1.主语为第一人称 2.时态为现在时态,(5) 在think，believe，imagine，suppose，guess，hope等动词以及 Im afraid 等后，可用so代替一个肯定的宾语从句，还可用not代替一个否定的宾语从句： e.g. 一Do you believe it will clear up? 你认为天气会转晴吗? 一I believe so. 我认为会这样。 I dont believe so.(或I
5、 believe not.) 我认为不会这样。,(1)一般情况下，宾语从句直接跟在谓语后; e.g. Did she say anything about how we should do the work? (2) that引导的宾语从句只有在except, in, but, besides等少数介词后偶尔可能用到; e.g. Your article is all right except that it is too long (3)有时在介词和其宾语从句的中间加形式宾语 it; e.g. Ill see to it that everything is ready,做介词的宾语,3.
6、what, which, who, whom, whose引导的表语从句 连接代词what, which, who, whom, whose除在句子中起连接作用外，还可在从句中从当主语、表语、定语，且各有各的词义。 e.g. Tom is no longer what he used to be. The question is which of us should come first. The problem is who is really fit for the hard job. The important thing is whose name should be put on t
7、he top of the list.,Correct or not?,I know he lives here . I know he lived here ten years ago . I have heard that he will come tomorrow. I saw she is talking with her mother. He asked whether his father will come back. He said that he has seen it. The teacher said that the earth travels around the s
8、un.,was,would,had,Pay attention: 如果主句是过去的时态，那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态。当从句是客观真理，定义、公理、定理时用一般现在时。,Correct or not?II,His brother asks when he will go to the library . His brother asks when will he go to the library . Can you tell me who are we going to meet ? Can you tell me who we are going to meet ? We
9、want to know if/whether he knows French . We want to know if/whether does he know French.,Pay attention:宾语从句的语序用陈述语序： 连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分。,1. The young man asked _ its summer or winter. A. either B. that C. weather D. whether 2. We dont know _ they did it . A. how B. who C. what D. which 3. The teacher a
10、sks us _ Jim can come back on time . A. that B. if C. when D. what time 4. Does anybody know _ we will have a sports meeting this weekend or not . A. if B. where C. whether D. that 5. I wonder _ he is crying now . A. that B. why C. how D. when,D,A,B,C,B,6. Have you found out _ we can do on Hainan Is
11、land ? A. what B. how C. if D. whether 7. Lily said _ she had finished her composition . A. if B. that C. when D. where 8. I dont know _ he still lives here . A. where B. what C. when D. whether 9. Could you show me _ ? A. how can I get to the station B. where is the station C. how I could get to th
12、e station D. how I can reach the station 10. My sister told him _ . A. what day was it B. when the train arrived C. who she was waiting D. where did you live,A,B,D,D,B,11. It is suggested that we _ to the park later. A. will go B. went C. go D. has gone 12. He didnt say _ or not he would be staying
13、here. A. that B. if C. weather D. whether 13. He doesnt know _ to go to Beijing or not. A. that B. if C. whether D. if / whether 14 Did she say anything about _we could pass the exam? A. that B. if C. whether D. if / whether,C,D,C,C,表语从句,The Predicative Clause,that 引导的表语从句 that 仅起连接作用，无意义，在句中不作任何成分，
14、通常不可省略。这种从句往往是对主句主语的内容起进一步解释的作用。 e.g. The chance is that one smoker in four will die from smoking. 2. whether 引导的表语从句 连接词whether起连接作用， 意为“是否、究竟、到底”（注意：if不能引导表语从句) 在句中也不作任何成分。 e.g. The question is whether what man will turn up in time.,2. 表语从句在从句中作表语的从句称作表语从句。,4. where, when, why, how引导的表语从句 连接副词wher
15、e, when, why, how除在句中起连接作用外，在从句中还充当时间、地点、方式、原因状语，本身具有词义。 e.g. Thats where I cant agree with you. This is why Sara was late for the meeting. This is how they overcome the difficulties. My strongest memory is when I attended an American wedding.,5. 其他连词as if, because, as, as though 引导的表语从句 because引导表语从句通常只用于“This/That/It is because”结构中。 as if/though引导的表语从句常置于连系动词look, seem, sound, be, become等后面，常用虚拟语气，表示不存在的动作或状态。 e.g. It sounds as if/though somebody was knocking at the door. My anger is because you havent written to me for a long t
