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1、Contrastive Study on English-Chinese and Text Translation 英汉对比与篇章翻译,Whats a text?,TEXT篇章是翻译的真正单位 篇章是思想交流的基本单位 语篇具有主动性 Language is the amber in which a thousand precious and subtle thoughts have been safely embedded and preserved. -Richard C. Trench,Categories of texts,Type of writing: Description Na
2、rration Exposition argumentation,Requirements for the text: Unity Coherence,Language Transfer and translation,Transfer (迁移)is the influence resulting from the similarities and differences between the target language and any other language that has been previously acquired . Odlin (1989: 27) 迁移是由于目标语
3、与已经习得的语言之间的相似和差异而产生的影响。 -奥德林,Two Types of Transfer,Negative Transfer (负迁移) Errors arise from analogy. 类推会产生错误。,Positive Transfer （正迁移） Errors decrease by analysis. 分析能减少错误。,Keen awareness of the similarities and differences between the two languages can facilitate FL learning.,Examples of Negative T
4、ransfer,The writer likes writing at light (night). 【语音迁移】 2. He only eat two meal a day. 【词形迁移】,Difference Between Comparative Study and Contrastive Study,Comparative Study lays emphasis on the similarities between languages and applies the diachronic method of research.,Contrastive Study lays empha
5、sis on the differences between languages and applies the synchronic method of research.,不要人云亦云。,帐单撕碎了。,你再说一个字， 我马上走。,Dont say what others have said.,The bill was torn to pieces.,If you should say one more word, I would go at once.,问题解决了。,你死了， 我去当和尚。,If you should die, I would go and be a monk.,The p
6、roblem was solved.,Tense （时态）,Voice （语 态）,Mood （语气）,人到齐就开会。,The meeting will begin when all are here.,Lacking inflection in the strict sense 缺少严格意义的形态变化 老师们、同学们 我的爸爸、你的妈妈 认真的态度、 认真地学习,Retaining some inflections 保留一些形态变化 v.（动词）: tense, aspect, voice, mood n.（名词）: number, case, gender pron.（代词）: perso
7、n, gender, case, number adj.（形容词）: degree ad.（副词） : degree,Chinese,English,病来如山倒， 病去如抽丝。,Sickness comes like an avalanche, but goes like reeling silk.,The position will not be given up so long as we are still living.,人在阵地在。,人无远虑， 必有近忧。,他人老心不老。,Although he has aged physically, he remains young at hea
8、rt.,If one has no long-term considerations, he will find trouble at his doorstep.,我来他已去。,He had left when I arrived.,(Condition 条件),(Contrast, Opposition 对照、转折),(Time Order 时间先后),(Concession 让步),Contrast Between English and Chinese,Chinese Meaning-focused with emphasis on implicit coherence (隐性连贯) P
9、aratactic 意合型语言 (以意统形),English Form-focused with emphasis on explicit cohesion （显性联接） Hypotactic 形合型语言 (以形驭意),Chinese: left-extending(左分支) heavy-headed like a lion（狮子头）,树 一棵树 一棵大树 一棵枝繁叶茂的大树 校园里一棵枝繁叶茂的大树 二师校园里一棵枝繁叶茂的大树 东湖开发区二师校园里一棵枝繁叶茂的大树 ,English: right-extending （右分支）heavy-tailed like a peacock,Thi
10、s is the cat. This is the cat that caught the rat. This is the cat that caught the rat that ate the fish. This is the cat that caught the rat that ate the fish that lay in the kitchen. This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the fish that lay in the kitchen that was built by Jack. ,English: fix
11、ed point of sight 视点固定,“我会揍你的。” “不，你不会。” “是的，我会的。” “不，你不会的。” “我会的。” “你不会的。” “会！” “不会！”,“I can lick you.” “No, you cant.” “Yes, I can.” “No, you cant.” “I can.” “you cant.” “Can!” “Cant!”,“I can lick you.” “No, you cant.” “Yes, I can.” “No, you cant.” “I can.” “you cant.” “Can!” “Cant!”,我要揍你。 你敢！ 敢又怎
12、么样？ 那你就试试吧！ 试试？哼，你等着瞧！ 等着瞧？我才不怕呢！ 不怕，好，那你休想逃走。 谁逃了？来呀，你揍啊！,Chinese: moving point of sight视点流动,can,can,can,can,cant,cant,cant,cant,揍,敢,试,瞧,怕,逃,Chinese: bamboo-like sentence structure （竹式结构）,从前这里有一个渔村，村里住着十户人家，这十户人家全靠打鱼、种地 为生，生活艰苦，但很安宁。,The chunks of a sentence seem to be connected and yet separated,
13、like sections of a bamboo linked by the joints and yet relatively independent and self-contained.,English: tree-like sentence structure （树式结构）,As a nation of gifted people who comprise about one-fourth of the total population of the earth, China plays in world affairs a role that can only grow more
14、important in the years ahead. - Jimmy Carter,Branches and sub-branches : Adverbials and attributes,Trunk line: S + V + (O),Rhythmic speech or writing is like waves of the sea, moving onward with alternating rise and fall, connected yet separated, like but different, suggestive of some law, too compl
15、ex for analysis or statement, controlling the relations between wave and wave, waves and sea, phrase and phrase, phrases and speech. H. W. Fowler (1858 1933),Compare the sentence structures:,我的小孙子/外孙他很调皮。 那所房子你们早该修了。 英语这门语言，学会它可不容易。 这里建大桥，我看行不通。,My little grandson is very naughty. You should have re
16、paired the house. It is by no means easy to learn the English language. I dont think it workable to build a bridge here.,Chinese Structure: Topic-Comment 话题-评论,English Structure: Subject-Predicate 主语-谓语,Contrast Between English and Chinese,Chinese Topic-Comment Sentence Structure （话题-评论结构）,English Subject-Predicate Sentence Structure （主语-谓语结构）,Topic-prominent Language 话题突出型语言,Subject-prominent Language 主语突出型语言,Chinese Ord
