职称英语理工类教材变动情况(完整详细版)

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1、2016年职称英语理工教材-新增文章1 Common Questions about DreamsDoes everyone dream?Yes. Research shows that we all dream. We have our most vivid dreams during a type of sleep called Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep. During REM sleep, the brain is very active. The eyes move quickly back and forth under the lids, and

2、 the large muscles of the body are relaxed. REM sleep occurs every 90-100 minutes, three to four times a night, and it lasts longer as the night goes on. _1_ We dream at other times during the night, too, but those dreams are less vivid.Do people remember their dreams?A few people remember their dre

3、ams. However, most people forget nearly everything that happened during the night dreams, thoughts, and the short periods of time when they were awake. _2_ It seems that the memory of the dream is not totally lost, but for some reason it is very hard to bring it back. If you want to remember your dr

4、eam,the best thing to do is to write it down as soon as you wake up. Are dreams in color?Most dreams are in color. However, people may not be aware of it for two reasons :They dont usually remember the details of their dreams, or they dont notice the color because it is such a natural part of our li

5、ves. _3_ Do dreams have meaning? Scientists continue to debate this issue. _4_ Some people use dreams to help them learn more about their feelings, thoughts, behavior, motives, and values. Others find that dreams can help them solve problems. Its also true that artists, writers, and scientists often

6、 get creative ideas from dreams. How can I learn to understand my dreams? The most important thing to remember is that your dreams are personal. The people, actions, and situations in your dreams reflect your experience, your thoughts, and your feelings. Some dream experts believe that there are cer

7、tain types of dreams that many people have,even if they come from different cultures or time periods. Usually, however, the same dream will have different meanings for different people. For example, an elephant in a dream may mean one thing to a zookeeper and something very different to a child whos

8、e favorite toy is a stuffed elephant. _5_ Then look for links between your dreams and what is happening in your daily life. If you think hard and you are patient, perhaps the meaning of your dreams will become clearer to you. 词汇:vivid /vivid/ adj. 清晰的,生动的,逼真的lid /lid/ n. 眼睑(=eyelid) motive /mutiv/ n

9、. 动机stuffed /stft/ adj. 填充的,塞满了的注释:1. back and forth:来回地,反复地。2. bring it back:回忆起它来。bring back:使回忆起来,带回来、拿回来,使恢复。3. Scientists continue to debate this issue. 科学家们不断地讨论这个问题。“debate”作动词“争论,辩论,讨论”讲,既可以是不及物动词也可以是及物动词,作不及物动词时常与“about/ on/upon” 搭配。练习:A However, people who spend time thinking about their d

10、reams believe that they are meaningful and useful. B The final REM period may last as long as 45 minutes. C People who are very aware of color when they are awake probably notice color more often in their dreams. D Our most powerful dreams dont happen during deep sleep.E To learn to understand your

11、dreams, think about what each part of the dream means to you or reminds you of. F Sometimes, though, people suddenly remember a dream later in the day or on another day. 参考译文:关于梦的常见问题每个人都会做梦吗?是的。研究表明我们都会做梦。在一种叫作快速眼动(REM)的睡眠期里,我们会有最清晰生动的梦。在这种睡眠期里,大脑非常活跃,眼睛在眼睑下面来来回回地快速移动,而且身体的大肌肉会得到放松。快速眼动睡眠期每隔90100分钟

12、会出现一次,一晚会出现34次,而且随着入夜渐深,每次持续的时间也会变长。最后一次快速眼动睡眠期可能会持续长达45分钟。我们在夜晚的其他时间段也会做梦,但是那些梦没有快速眼动睡眠期里的梦清晰生动。人们会记得他们的梦吗?一些人会记得他们的梦。然而,大多数人会忘记晚上所发生的几乎所有的事梦、思想以及他们醒着时的短暂时光。但是,有时人们会在当天晚些时候或改天突然想起他们的梦。他们对梦的记忆好像并没有完全消失,但出于某种原因却很难回忆起来。如果你想记住自己的梦,最好的办法是一醒来就把它写下来。梦是彩色的吗?大多数梦是彩色的。然而,人们可能不会意识到这一点。这是基于两方面的原因:人们通常不会记住梦的细节,

13、或者因为颜色是我们生活中的自然组成部分,所以不会注意到。那些在醒着的时候意识到颜色的人可能会更经常注意到梦的颜色。梦有意义吗?科学家们不停地讨论这个问题。然而,那些花时间思考他们梦的人相信梦是有意义的、有用的。有些人借助梦更多地了解自己的情感、思想、行为、动机和价值观。其他人发现梦可以帮助自己解决问题。艺术家、作家和科学家也确实经常从梦中获得创作的灵感。我如何学会理解自己的梦?要记得最重要的一点就是梦是个人的。梦里的人、行为以及情景都能反映你的经历、思想以及情感。有些梦境专家认为某些类型的梦是很多人都有的,即使他们来自不同的文化或时期。然而,通常对于不同的人,同一个梦会有不同的意义。比如,做梦

14、梦到大象对于一个动物园管理员来说意味着一回事,而对于一个最喜欢大象毛绒玩具的小孩来说就意味着截然不同的事。为了学会理解自己的梦,首先要思考一下梦的每一部分对你意味着什么或者让你想起了什么。然后寻找梦与日常生活中所发生事情的联系。如果你认真思考而且有耐心,或许你会更清晰地理解梦的意义。新增文章2 Baby TalkBabies normally start to talk when they are 13 to 15 months old. Ryan Jones is only eight months old, but he is already “talking” with his pare

15、nts. When lie is hungry, he opens and closes his hand. This means milk. He also knows the signs for his favorite toy and the word more.Ryan is not deaf, and his parents are not deaf, but his mother and father are teaching him to sign. They say a word and make a sign at the same time. They repeat thi

16、s again and again. When _1_ Ryans parents think that he will be a happier baby because he can communicate with them.Ryan s parents are teaching Ryan to sign because of a man named Joseph Garcia. Although Garcia was not from a deaf family, he decided to learn American Sign Language (ASL). First, he took courses in ASL. Then he got a job helping de

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